Pourghorbani

Hajj of the Prophets is the report of the Islamic narratives of performing hajj of the  Prophets from Adam (pbuh) to Muhammad (pbuh).According to some hadiths, all the prophets have performed Hajj and some of them have been specially clarified to perform Hajj. According to Islamic traditions, prophet Adam first built the Kaaba and performed Hajj with the help of Gabriel, and the other prophets performed Hajj after him. The Kaaba was destroyed by the flood of Noah, but the prophets after Noah used to perform Hajj without knowing the exact location of the Kaaba until Prophet Ibrahim rebuilt the Kaaba. Moses, Jesus, solomon, David, Khidr, Jonah and Elijah are among the prophets whose presence in Mecca for Hajj is mentioned in Islamic narratives.

== The place in narrations ==

Performng hajj  of the Prophets has been mentioned in numerous traditions in Islamic sources; In some collective narrative books, there is a chapter which is collected hadiths under the title "Hajj al-Anbiya".<ref>Kulayni, Al-Kafi, vol. 4 p. 212, </ref> Some of these hadiths<ref>ʿAyyāshī, Tafsīr al-ʿAyyāshī, vol. 1, p. 60, 186.</ref> are below the verse that introduced the Kaaba as the first house on earth {{note| إِنَّ أَوَّلَ بَیتٍ وُضِعَ لِلنَّاسِ لَلَّذِی بِبَکهَ}}<ref>Qurʾān,3:96.</ref>. ] and another, under the verse that considers the Kaaba as ﴾Al-Bayt al-Atiq﴾[Note 2]<ref>Qurʾān,22:34</ref>. <ref>Ṣadūq,ʿIlal al-sharāʾiʿ, vol. 2, p. 399, Ṭūsī, Al-Khilāf, vol. 6, p. 58.</ref>Also, some hadiths under the verse ﴿ وَلِكِّ عُمٍَّّ جَعَلْنَا منسَاِّ ﴾, [Note 3] have considered Hajj rituals as one of the obligatory rituals for all nations.<ref>Ṭabrisī, Majmaʿ al-bayān, vol. 7, p. 134, Qurṭubī, Tafsīr al-Qurtubī, vol. 12, p. 58.</ref>

== Narratives about the Hajj of the Prophets ==

=== Adam and Seth ===

According to Islamic narrations, after Adam (pbuh) was transferred to the earth, he was commissioned by God to build the Kaaba and hold the Hajj ceremony.<ref>Al-Arzaqī, ''Akhbār-i Makkih'', vol. 1, p. 34-36; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 235; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī,''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 13, p. 332.</ref> It has been narrated about the hajj of Adam that After Adam's exit from the heaven,  he descended on the Safa mountain, then Gabriel taught him the rites of Hajj, and Adam performed all Hajj rituals, including Tawaf, Ramy al-Jamarāt, Make a sacrifice, Al-Ḥalq, Saʿy and Tawaf Al-Nisa. [9] After Adam (pbuh), his son the propht  Seth (pbuh) rebuilt the Kaaba and performed Hajj Al-ʿUmra al-Mufrada. [10] The Hajj ceremony continued after Adam among his children [11] and the prophets After him, paid special attention to performing Hajj.[12]

=== Noah ===

Prophet Noah (pbuh) performed Hajj before the flood [13] and during the storm, he was assigned to circumambulate his passengers around the Kaaba and take them to Mina. On the way back, this ship circumambulated the Kaaba again, and the ship's passengers tried to travel between Safa and Marwah.[14]

According to some reports, the Kaaba disappeared in the storm of Noah. Prophets used to perform Hajj without knowing the exact location of the Kaaba [15] until Prophet Abraham (pbuh) was commissioned to rebuild the Kaaba and revive the ritual of Hajj. [16] After the reconstruction of the Kaaba, he asked God to represent the Hajj rituals to him [Note 4][17] Gabriel came to him and taught him the rituals of Hajj one by one[18] and after the command to call people to perform Hajj,[19] Ibrahim (AS) stood up on a high place [Note 5] and loudly called the people to performing  Hajj[20] and he and his son Ishmael (a.s.) and a group of Jarhamites performed Hajj.[21] After that, Hajj as a sacred tradition with special actions continued by the other Prophets and their followers [22

=== Moses ===

After Abraham and Ishmael (pbuh), other prophets performed Hajj as it is narrated that Prophet Musa (pbuh) along with 70 prophets for performing Hajj on a red-haired camel after passing through the area of "Safah al-Ruha" while speaking “labbayk ya karim labbayk”  and Putting on Ihram. In a tradition, Ibn Abbas has narrated from Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) that 70 prophets, including Moses (PBUH), came to Mina and prayed in Khaif Mosque.

=== Other Prophets ===

According to some narrations, Jesus (pbuh) started the Hajj or Umrah by saying "Labyk Abduk ibn Amtek Labyk". prophet Solomon (a.s.) performed Hajj together with humans, elves and birds and covered the Kaaba with Egyptian cloth. [27] According to other traditions, Jonah (a.s.) recited the talbiya "Labyka kashafa al-korab al-azim labyk", and Khidr ( (AS) and Elijah (AS) perform Hajj every year in the appointed season. [28] In some traditions, performing the hajj of Hud (AS) and Saleh (AS) is also mentioned. [29

=== Muhammad(PBUH) ===

With the rise of Islam, the Hajj ritual was legislated as one of the religious obligations for Muslims, and Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed the Hajj ritual. According to some narrations, Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) performed 20 Hajj and three separate Umrahs, all of which took place in the month of Dhu Qada. His only Hajj after the Hijrah was performed in the 10th year of the Hijri along with a hundred thousand Muslims and was known as the Farewell Hajj( Hajj al-Wada).[31]

Some hadiths have reported about the Hajj of the Prophets without mentioning their names. According to some reports, all the prophets except Hud (a.s.) and Saleh (a.s.) did not succeed in performing Hajj because they were engaged in preaching. The rest of them performed Hajj. [32] But this view is considered weak. [33] In addition, in some hadiths, Hud (a.s.) and Saleh (a.s.) have been explicitly mentioned [29] and it has even been said that They died in Mecca and were buried near the Kaaba. [34] Therefore, all the prophets performed Hajj. Some narrations quoted from Shia imams also confirm this point of view; [35] as Imam Ali (a.s.) has said in a speech that the Kaaba is the place of many prophets from Adam to the end of the world.[36]