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Some contemporary researchers also share this skepticism, raising doubts about the accuracy of the grave’s attribution to Lady Khadijah. This ongoing uncertainty reflects the complexities and challenges involved in historically verifying sacred sites associated with prominent figures of Islamic history.<ref>Jāsir,'' Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira'', vol. 3 and 4, p. 278-279.</ref>  
Some contemporary researchers also share this skepticism, raising doubts about the accuracy of the grave’s attribution to Lady Khadijah. This ongoing uncertainty reflects the complexities and challenges involved in historically verifying sacred sites associated with prominent figures of Islamic history.<ref>Jāsir,'' Al-ʿArab al-sunna al- ʿĀshira'', vol. 3 and 4, p. 278-279.</ref>  


==Construction of the Dome and Mausoleum==
==Construction of the Dome and Shrine==


[[file:گنبد مزار حضرت خدیجه قبل از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|right| Dome of the tomb of Khadija (right) and her son Qasim (left) before destruction]]
[[file:گنبد مزار حضرت خدیجه قبل از تخریب.jpg|thumbnail|right| Dome of the tomb of Khadija (right) and her son Qasim (left) before destruction]]




For the first time in 749 AH/1348-9, a stone with the inscription "«ان هذا قبر السیدة خدیجه»This is the grave of Khadija(s)" was placed on her grave. The dome of the mausoleum of Khadija (on the right) and her son Qasim (on the left) is shown in the image before its demolition.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 646.</ref>
In the year 749 AH, a stone bearing the inscription "This is the grave of Lady Khadijah" was placed over her grave.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 646.</ref>
Later, a wooden box was constructed over her grave.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref>
Subsequently, a wooden enclosure was constructed around the grave. This early attempt to mark and protect the site reflects the reverence accorded to Lady Khadijah and the desire to preserve her resting place with due honor.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref>
In the year 950 AH/1543-4, Muhammad ibn Sulaiman, an Egyptian official, built a shrine and a stone dome for this mausoleum.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref>
 
He also placed a new box on the grave, covered it with exquisite fabric, and appointed a caretaker for the shrine.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647; Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 150.</ref>
In 950 AH, [[Muhammad ibn Sulayman]], a distinguished and prominent official from [[Egypt]], undertook the task of constructing a stone dome and shrine for the grave of Lady Khadijah.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647.</ref>
After being demolished by the hands of the [[Al Saud]], the shrine was reconstructed in the year 1242 AH/1826-7.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 151.</ref> And it remained intact until the fourteenth century after hijra. Reports indicate that fabrics were sent by the [[Ottoman rulers]] of [[Egypt]] to be used on the shrine's box during this period.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 170.</ref>
Alongside the newly erected stone structure, a wooden enclosure was placed over the grave, and it was adorned with a luxurious textile. To ensure proper maintenance and respect for the site, a dedicated caretaker was appointed. This initiative highlighted the continued reverence for Lady [[Khadijah]] and demonstrated a commitment to preserving her sacred resting place.<ref>Ṣabbāgh, ''Taḥṣīl al-marām'', vol. 2, p. 647; Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 150.</ref>
Travel accounts from the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries after hijra have mentioned the mausoleum of Khadijah. For example, Farahani in 1302 AH mentioned the wooden mausoleum.<ref>Farāhānī,  ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī'', p. 202.</ref>
Following its destruction by the forces of the Saudi dynasty, the shrine of Lady Khadijah was reconstructed in 1242 AH.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 151.</ref> This restored structure remained intact through the 14th century AH. Historical accounts indicate that textiles were sent by the Ottoman rulers of Egypt to be used for covering the wooden enclosure of the shrine. This gesture underscores the enduring commitment of successive rulers to honor and preserve the sacred site of Lady Khadijah's resting place.<ref>Gāzī, ''Ifādat al-anām'', vol. 2, p. 170.</ref>
Rifat Pasha reported in 1318 AH/1900-1 about the tall dome over the grave of Khadijah(s).<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'' ,vol. 1, p. 30.</ref>
For instance, [[Farahani]], in 1302 AH, referred to the wooden enclosure of the grave.<ref>Farāhānī,  ''Safarnāma-yi Mīrzā Muḥammad Ḥusayn Farāhānī'', p. 202.</ref>
Additionally, [[Refaat Pasha]], writing in 1318 AH, reported on the prominent dome of Lady Khadijah's tomb. These accounts reflect the continued significance and recognition of the shrine during these periods.<ref>Rafʿat Pāshā, ''Mirʾāt al-ḥaramayn'' ,vol. 1, p. 30.</ref>


==Destruction of the Mausoleum==
==Destruction of the Mausoleum==
With the rise of [[Wahhabism]] in [[Mecca]] and the establishment of the first [[Saudi state]], all structures and domes in [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]] were demolished on Thursday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH/August 18,1803. The graves in this cemetery were leveled with the ground.<ref>Sanjārī, ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam''.vol. 4, p. 422; Amīn, ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'', p. 27.</ref>
With the rise of the [[Wahhabi's]] movement and the establishment of the first Saudi state, a significant transformation occurred in the historical landscape of Mecca. On Wednesday, 29 Rabi' al-Thani 1218 AH, the Wahhabi forces undertook the demolition of all existing structures, including domes and buildings, within [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]]. This action resulted in the complete leveling of the graves in the cemetery, erasing the previous architectural and commemorative landmarks.<ref>Sanjārī, ''Manāʾiḥ al-karam''.vol. 4, p. 422; Amīn, ''Kashf al-irtīyāb'', p. 27.</ref>
After the defeat of this state by Ottoman forces, a dome was once again constructed over the grave and mausoleum of Khadijah. However, this structure was also demolished in 1343 AH/1924-5 following the establishment of the third Saudi state.<ref>Gāzī,  ''Ifādat al-anām'',vol. 2, p. 151.</ref>
The destruction was part of a broader effort by the Wahhabis to reform and purify Islamic practices according to their interpretation, which included the removal of structures deemed as innovations or deviations from their understanding of Islam.
 
Following the fall of the first Saudi state to Ottoman forces, there was a brief period during which the grave of [[Lady Khadijah]] was honored with the reconstruction of a new dome and shrine. This effort aimed to restore the reverence and historical significance of the site.
 
However, this restoration was short-lived. The renewed shrine was demolished in 1343 AH, coinciding with the establishment of the third Saudi state. This final destruction marked a significant shift in the treatment of historical and religious sites in Mecca, reflecting the ongoing changes in political and religious policies over time.<ref>Gāzī,  ''Ifādat al-anām'',vol. 2, p. 151.</ref>
 
 
''' Related Topics''':
 
* [[Lady Khadijah (S)]]
* [[Jannat al-Mu'alla]]


==Notes==
==Notes==
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