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{{Building
| title =
| image = عصبه.jpg
| image size =
| image link =
| image description =
| other names = al-Tawba Mosque, al-Nur Mosque
| place = Medina, west of [[Quba' Mosque]]
| usage =
| religious affiliation =
| beliefs = The Prophet (s) praying within the boundaries of this mosque.
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| time of construction = First/seventh century
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| latitude = 24.430876
| longitude = 39.605608
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}}
'''Al-'Usba Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد العُصْبَة}}), is an ancient mosque located in [[Medina]], also known as the al-Tawba Mosque. It is situated to the west of [[Quba' Mosque]], in an area abundant with farms and water wells. The mosque structure is an open, roofless square, measuring approximately eleven meters in length and width, with stone walls that stand at a height of one meter. It has been reported that the Prophet (s) prayed within the boundaries of this mosque.
'''Al-'Usba Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد العُصْبَة}}), is an ancient mosque located in [[Medina]], also known as the al-Tawba Mosque. It is situated to the west of [[Quba' Mosque]], in an area abundant with farms and water wells. The mosque structure is an open, roofless square, measuring approximately eleven meters in length and width, with stone walls that stand at a height of one meter. It has been reported that the Prophet (s) prayed within the boundaries of this mosque.
==The Prophet's Prayer==
[[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] offered prayers in the vicinity of this mosque, in the region of al-'Usba, near the [[al-Hujaym well]].<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217.</ref>


==Location and Name==
==Location and Name==
The al-'Usba Mosque takes its name from its location in the village of al-'Usba. Al-'Usba village is situated to the west of Quba Mosque,<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 123.</ref> in a region characterized by its lush fields and abundant water wells.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217.</ref> This area is also referred to as al-'Usba Castle and Fence.<ref>''Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālīm Ṭāba'', p. 265.</ref> This is the place where a group of the Emigrants (Muhajirin) stopped before the arrival of the Prophet (s) to Medina.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124; ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
The name of the al-'Usba Mosque is not mentioned in the geographical sources of Medina, but the al-Tawba Mosque in al-'Usba, near the Hujaym Well, is mentioned.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217; ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref> 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi, a historian of Medina in the eighth/fourteenth century, explicitly stated that he did not know the reason for the name of the al-Tawba Mosque.<ref>''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref> This area was the residence of Banu Jahjaba, and therefore some have also named this mosque the Banu Jahjaba Mosque.<ref>Al-Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara</ref>
Some researchers of Medina's history have identified this mosque with al-Nur Mosque (which was one of the mosques near Quba').<ref>''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', p. 302</ref> However, in old sources, these mosques have not been considered the same.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124</ref>
Reports available from the 15th/20th century place the location of this mosque in the garden of Ibrahim al-Turki, which was called Bustan al-'Usba.<ref>''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', p. 302</ref>


The al-Usba Mosque takes its name from its location in the village of al-Usba. Al-Usba village is situated to the west of Quba Mosque,<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 123.</ref> in a region characterized by its lush fields and abundant water wells.<ref>Al-Taʿrīf bimā Anasat al-Hijrah, Maṭarī, p. 217.</ref> This area is also referred to as Al-Usba Castle and Fence.<ref>Al-Maghānim al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālim Ṭābah, Fīrūzābādī, p. 265.</ref> This is the place where a group of the Emigrants (Muhajirin) stopped before the arrival of the Prophet (s) to Medina.<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbdu al-Ghanī, p. 124; Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Bayna al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
==History==
There is no precise information available about the time of the mosque's construction. Some speculate that this mosque may have been among the mosques built during the reign of [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] over Medina.<ref>''Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara'', part 4, vol. 3, p. 228</ref> There was no trace of this mosque in the eighth/fourteenth and ninth/fifteenth centuries, as Muhammad b. Ahmad al-Matari (d. 741 AH) and al-Samhudi (d. 911 AH) mentioned it in the section of mosques that are not known.<ref>''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra'', p. 217; ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ'', vol. 3, p. 248</ref> Muhammad Kibrit al-Madani (1012-1070 AH) also states in the eleventh/seventeenth century that there is no trace of this mosque.<ref>''Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna'', p. 157</ref> Ahmad al-Abbasi (d. eleventh century AH) spoke of the existence of the mosque's remains near the Hujaym Well.<ref>''ʿUmdat al-akhbār'', p. 175</ref>


Additionally, it is recognized by several other names, including Al-Tawba Mosque, Al-Noor Mosque, and Al-Mu'assab Mosque.<ref>Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbd al-Ghanī, p. 123.</ref> However, the reasons behind these alternative names are not well documented. [[Al-Samhudi]], a renowned historian of Medina from the 8th century AH, noted that the origin of the name "Al-Tawba Mosque" remains unknown, leaving the historical significance of the title somewhat unclear.<ref>Wafā’ al-Wafā’, Samhūdī, vol. 3, p. 248.</ref>
==Structure==
Today, the mosque's structure consists of a roofless square with a length and width of approximately 11 meters, and with stone walls one meter high that show traces of whitewashing.<ref>''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 124; ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>


The Structure of the Mosque
==Gallery==
The mosque is designed as an open square, measuring approximately 11 meters in both length and width. Its stone walls rise to a height of one meter, with visible traces of whitewashing.<ref>Al-Madīnah Bayna al-Māḍhī wa al-Ḥāḍhir, p. 302; Masājid al-Āthariyya, ʿAbdu al-Ghanī, p. 124; Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Bayna al-Miʿmāra wa al-Tārīkh, Part Four, Volume Three, p. 229-230.</ref>
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">


==The Prophet's Prayer==
file:2024-08-29 07 52 39-Google Maps.png|Renovation of the walls
[[Prophet Muhammad (S)]] offered prayers in the vicinity of this mosque, in the region of al-Usba, near the [[al-Hujaym well]].<ref>''Al-Ta'rif bi-Ma Anista al-Hijrah'', p. 217.</ref>  
file:2024-08-29 07 16 07-Google Maps.png|Project banner
</gallery>


==Notes==
==Notes==
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==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
* Al-Maghānīm al-Muṭāba fī Maʿālīm Ṭāba, by Muhammad ibn Yaʿqūb al-Fīrūzābādī and Ḥamad al-Jāsir. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Dār al-Yamāmah for Research, Translation, and Publishing, 1389–1969.
* ''Al-Jawāhir al-thamīna fi maʿālim al-Madīna'', Muḥammad Kibrīt al-Ḥusaynī al-Madanī, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1997.
* Masājid al-Atharīyah, by Muhammad Ilyas Abd al-Ghani. Al-Rashid Press, Medina, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.
* ''Al-Maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-ʿimāra wa l-tārīkh'', ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz b. ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kaʿakī, vol. 4, Beirut, 2011.
* Al-Ta'rif bi-Ma Anista al-Hijrah min Ma'alim Dar al-Hijrah, by Jamal al-Din Muhammad ibn Ahmad al-Mu'tari. Edited by Sulayman al-Ruhayli. Riyadh, King Abdulaziz Foundation, 1426 AH.
* ''Al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāẓir'', Ibrāhīm b. ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972.
* Al-Madīnah Bayna al-Māḍhī wa al-Ḥāḍhir, by Ibrāhīm ibn ʿAlī al-ʿAyyāshī, 1972 Q.
* ''Al-Maghānim al-muṭāba fī maʿālim Ṭāba'', Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-Fīrūzābādī, Riyadh: Dār al-Yamāma li-l-Bahth wa l-Tarjima wa l-Nashr, 1389–1969.
* Al-Maʿālim al-Madīnah al-Munawwara Baina al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, by ʿAbdu al-ʿAzīz ibn ʿAbd al-Raḥmān Kākī, vol. 4, Bayrūt, 2011.
* ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī. Medina: Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd, 2nd edition, 1419 AH.
* Wafā’ al-Wafā bi-Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafāby Ali bin Abdullah al-Samhudi, edited by Qasim al-Samarai, London, Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2001 CE.
* ''Al-Taʿrīf bi-mā ansat al-hijra min maʿālim dār al-hijra'', Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-Maṭarī. Riyadh, Dārat al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.
* ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār fī Madīna al-mukhtār'', Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd al-ʿAbbāsī, Cairo: Asʿad Ṭarābazunī.
* ''Wafāʾ al-wafāʾ bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā'', ʿAli b. ʿAbd Allah al-Samhudi, London, Mūʾassisat al-Furqān li-l-Turāth al-Islāmī, 2001 CE.
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[[fa:مسجد العصبة]]
[[ar:مسجد العصبة]]
 
[[Category:Mosques of Medina]]
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