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'''Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS)''', the eleventh Imam of [[Shia]] Muslims and the father of [[Imam Mahdi (AS)]], was born in 232 AH/846-7 AD in [[Medina]]. During his childhood, he was forced to accompany his father to [[Samarra]], in present-day [[Iraq]], by the [[Abbasid caliph]]. He lived there under Abbasid surveillance until his martyrdom in 260 AH/873-4 AD. He was buried alongside his father, [[Imam al-Hadi (AS)]], in Samarra, at a site known as [[the Shrine of the Two Askari Imams]].
'''The shrine of Ismail ibn Jafar (a)''' is the burial place of Ismāʿīl, the eldest son of Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (a.s.), who passed away before his father. His body was buried in Medina, in the Baqiʿ Cemetery. For centuries, this shrine had a structure and a dome and was a place of visitation for pilgrims. It is said that the shrine was built on land that was previously the house of Imam al-Sajjād (a.s.), and in its courtyard, there was a well from which people would drink for the healing of the sick.


There are no specific reports about Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) performing [[Hajj]]. However, narrations from him regarding the pilgrimage, its significance, and the meanings behind the phrases of "[[Labbayk]]" have been recorded. In addition to the commentary attributed to him, prayers and supplications by the Imam are also found in Islamic sources.
This shrine was destroyed in the year 1344 AH when the Wahhabis took control of Mecca and Medina. After this event, a simple wall was built around the grave until it was completely demolished during the construction of a road next to the cemetery. According to some reports, the body of Ismāʿīl was moved to another part of Baqīʿ, near the grave of Umm al-Banīn or near the graves of the Martyrs of Ḥarra, or about 10 meters away from the grave of Ḥalīma al-Saʿdiyya.


==Biography==
==Ismaill ibn Jafar==
Hasan ibn Ali ibn Muhammad (AS), commonly known as Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS), was the eleventh Imam of the Twelve Imams in Shia Islam. His father was [[Imam al-Hadi (AS)]], and his mother was a noblewoman from Nubia. According to widely accepted accounts, he was born on the 8th of Rabi al-Thani in 232 AH/2th December 846  in [[Medina]].  
Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar was the eldest son of Imam Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq (a.s.), the sixth Imam of the Shia, who passed away during his father’s lifetime. His death is estimated to have occurred around the year 138 AH.<ref>“The Shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar in Baqīʿ and Its Historical Context up to the Present Century,” p. 52.</ref> Some Shia during the lifetime of Imam al-Ṣādiq (a.s.) believed that Ismāʿīl would be his successor. Some denied his death, while others believed in the Imamate of his son, Muḥammad. Both groups came to be known as the Ismāʿīlīs.<ref>Al-Irshād, vol. 2, pp. 209–210.</ref>  


At the age of four, in 236 AH/850 AD, or possibly in 233 AH/847 AD, he accompanied his father to Samarra after the Abbasid caliph Mutawakkil detained his father. Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) remained in [[Samarra]] until the end of his life.   
==Burial Place==
According to historical sources, Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar passed away in ʿUrayḍ (a village near Medina), but his body was brought to Medina and buried in the Baqīʿ Cemetery.<ref>Al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 209; Sirr al-Silsila al-ʿAlawiyya, p. 34; al-Majdī, p. 100.</ref> His grave was located in an area that became separated from the rest of Baqīʿ when the city walls were extended, placing his shrine inside the walls of Medina (adjacent to the city wall) while the rest of the cemetery remained outside.<ref>Wafāʾ al-Wafā, vol. 5, p. 117.</ref> 
==History of the Dome==
The grave of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar had a dome during certain periods of history. It is said that the dome and shrine were built during the rule of the Fatimids in Egypt (302–564 AH). A description from the 8th century AH indicates that at that time, the grave of Ismāʿīl was a shrine with a large white dome located west of the dome of ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and adjacent to the wall of Medina. According to the same report, the shrine was built on land that was previously the house of Imam Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (a.s.), and at that time, there was an abandoned mosque and a well next to the shrine.<ref>Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra, p. 121.</ref>  


He was given the title "al-Askari" because [[Mutawakkil]] housed him in the military district of Samarra. Additionally, he was known as "Ibn al-Ridha," a title also attributed to his father, Imam al-Hadi (AS), and his grandfather, [[Imam al-Jawad (AS)]], due to their lineage from Imam al-Ridha (AS). Other titles recorded for him in historical sources include Khālis, Khāṣṣ, Sirāj, Ṣāmit, Zakī, and Taqī.   
Samhūdī, a historian of Medina in the second half of the 9th century, mentions two inscriptions at the shrine of Ismāʿīl. These inscriptions indicated that the structure was built by Ḥusayn ibn Abī al-Hayjāʾ (an envoy of the Fatimid government) in the year 546 AH, and the same individual had also endowed a garden located to the west of the shrine to Ismāʿīl’s mausoleum.<ref>Wafāʾ al-Wafā, vol. 3, p. 306.</ref>  


Imam Hasan al-Askari’s wife was [[Lady Narjis Khatun]], and their only son was [[Imam Mahdi (AS)]]. However, some historians have mentioned the possibility of other children attributed to him.
Later travelogues also mention the shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar.<ref>See: “The Shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar in Baqīʿ and Its Historical Context up to the Present Century,” pp. 56–59.</ref> For example, ʿAyyāshī, a travel writer from the Levant in the 11th century, reports that Shia pilgrims, many of whom were part of the Iraqi caravan, made a point to visit the grave of Ismāʿīl.<ref>Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya, vol. 1, p. 381.</ref> A report from the early 13th century AH also mentions a well in the courtyard of the shrine attributed to Imam Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (a.s.), from which water was taken for the healing of the sick.<ref>Ḥālāt al-Ḥaramayn, in Fifty Hajj Travelogues from the Qajar Era, p. 256.</ref> 
===Martyrdom===
==Destruction of the Dome==
{{Main| Shrine of the Two Askari Imams}}  
With the rise of the Wahhabis in the Arabian Peninsula and Medina, the shrine of Ismāʿīl, like other tombs and shrines, was destroyed in the year 1344 AH. According to some later reports, a simple wall was built around the grave.<ref>Travelogue of Ḥājj Sayyid Muḥammad Fāṭimī, in Fourteen Other Hajj Travelogues from the Qajar Era, p. 996.</ref> It is said that his shrine was surrounded by walls without doors or windows, measuring three by three meters and two and a half meters in height, located outside the Baqīʿ Cemetery, about 15 meters from its wall, to the west and facing the graves of the Imams (a.s.).<ref>Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, pp. 289–290.</ref>  


Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS) was martyred at the age of 28 on the 8th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260 AH/ 1th January 874 AD, poisoned under the orders of the Abbasid caliph [[al-Mu'tamid]]. He was buried next to his father, Imam al-Hadi (AS), in Samarra. This sacred site is known as the *Shrine of the Two Askari Imams* (al-Askariyain).   
==Current Location of the Grave 
 
In the year 1394 AH (1975 CE), during the construction of the western road of Baqīʿ, the area around the grave of Ismāʿīl was demolished, and rumors spread that his body was found intact.<ref>Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 290.</ref> Some reports indicate that the body of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar (a.s.) was moved inside the Baqīʿ Cemetery with the coordination of some Ismāʿīlī leaders<ref>Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna, p. 348.</ref> and marked.<ref>Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 290; Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna, p. 348.</ref> The exact location of his burial is unclear due to differing descriptions and the loss of markers, but it is believed to be near the grave of Umm al-Banīn, near the graves of the Martyrs of Ḥarra, or about 10 meters from the grave of Ḥalīma al-Saʿdiyya at the end of Baqīʿ.<ref>Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 291.</ref> 
The burial place of Imam Hasan al-Askari (AS), alongside his father, remains a revered shrine and pilgrimage destination, famously referred to as the [[Shrine of the Two Askari Imams]].
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
==References==
{{References}}
*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-.''Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya''. Edited by Saʿīd al-Fāḍilī and Sulaymān al-Qarshī. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī lil-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 2006. 
*Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Al-Adab al-mufrad''. 3rd edition. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiya, 1409 AH. 
*Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 AH.
*Khamihyār, Aḥmad.** *Bahsht al-Baqīʿ*. Tehran: Andīsha-yi Mīrāth, 1401 AH.  
*Mufīd, Shaykh al-.''Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿibād''. Edited by Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt. Qom: Kongreh Shaykh Mufīd, 1413 AH. 
*Muṭrī, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-.''Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra''. Edited by Salmān al-Raḥīlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.   
*Najafī, Ḥāfiẓ.''Buqʿat Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar fī al-Baqīʿ wa basīṭuhā al-tārīkhī ilā al-qarn al-ḥāḍir''.Mīqāt al-Ḥajj, no. 124, pp. 49–74. 
*Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq.''Tārīkh ḥaram aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ wa āthār ukhrā fī Madīnat al-Munawwara''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 AH. 
*Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-.''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2006.  
{{end}}

Latest revision as of 16:51, 14 January 2025

The shrine of Ismail ibn Jafar (a) is the burial place of Ismāʿīl, the eldest son of Imam Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq (a.s.), who passed away before his father. His body was buried in Medina, in the Baqiʿ Cemetery. For centuries, this shrine had a structure and a dome and was a place of visitation for pilgrims. It is said that the shrine was built on land that was previously the house of Imam al-Sajjād (a.s.), and in its courtyard, there was a well from which people would drink for the healing of the sick.

This shrine was destroyed in the year 1344 AH when the Wahhabis took control of Mecca and Medina. After this event, a simple wall was built around the grave until it was completely demolished during the construction of a road next to the cemetery. According to some reports, the body of Ismāʿīl was moved to another part of Baqīʿ, near the grave of Umm al-Banīn or near the graves of the Martyrs of Ḥarra, or about 10 meters away from the grave of Ḥalīma al-Saʿdiyya.

Ismaill ibn Jafar

Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar was the eldest son of Imam Jaʿfar ibn Muḥammad al-Ṣādiq (a.s.), the sixth Imam of the Shia, who passed away during his father’s lifetime. His death is estimated to have occurred around the year 138 AH.[1] Some Shia during the lifetime of Imam al-Ṣādiq (a.s.) believed that Ismāʿīl would be his successor. Some denied his death, while others believed in the Imamate of his son, Muḥammad. Both groups came to be known as the Ismāʿīlīs.[2]

Burial Place

According to historical sources, Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar passed away in ʿUrayḍ (a village near Medina), but his body was brought to Medina and buried in the Baqīʿ Cemetery.[3] His grave was located in an area that became separated from the rest of Baqīʿ when the city walls were extended, placing his shrine inside the walls of Medina (adjacent to the city wall) while the rest of the cemetery remained outside.[4]

History of the Dome

The grave of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar had a dome during certain periods of history. It is said that the dome and shrine were built during the rule of the Fatimids in Egypt (302–564 AH). A description from the 8th century AH indicates that at that time, the grave of Ismāʿīl was a shrine with a large white dome located west of the dome of ʿAbbās ibn ʿAbd al-Muṭṭalib and adjacent to the wall of Medina. According to the same report, the shrine was built on land that was previously the house of Imam Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (a.s.), and at that time, there was an abandoned mosque and a well next to the shrine.[5]

Samhūdī, a historian of Medina in the second half of the 9th century, mentions two inscriptions at the shrine of Ismāʿīl. These inscriptions indicated that the structure was built by Ḥusayn ibn Abī al-Hayjāʾ (an envoy of the Fatimid government) in the year 546 AH, and the same individual had also endowed a garden located to the west of the shrine to Ismāʿīl’s mausoleum.[6]

Later travelogues also mention the shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar.[7] For example, ʿAyyāshī, a travel writer from the Levant in the 11th century, reports that Shia pilgrims, many of whom were part of the Iraqi caravan, made a point to visit the grave of Ismāʿīl.[8] A report from the early 13th century AH also mentions a well in the courtyard of the shrine attributed to Imam Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (a.s.), from which water was taken for the healing of the sick.[9]

Destruction of the Dome

With the rise of the Wahhabis in the Arabian Peninsula and Medina, the shrine of Ismāʿīl, like other tombs and shrines, was destroyed in the year 1344 AH. According to some later reports, a simple wall was built around the grave.[10] It is said that his shrine was surrounded by walls without doors or windows, measuring three by three meters and two and a half meters in height, located outside the Baqīʿ Cemetery, about 15 meters from its wall, to the west and facing the graves of the Imams (a.s.).[11]

==Current Location of the Grave In the year 1394 AH (1975 CE), during the construction of the western road of Baqīʿ, the area around the grave of Ismāʿīl was demolished, and rumors spread that his body was found intact.[12] Some reports indicate that the body of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar (a.s.) was moved inside the Baqīʿ Cemetery with the coordination of some Ismāʿīlī leaders[13] and marked.[14] The exact location of his burial is unclear due to differing descriptions and the loss of markers, but it is believed to be near the grave of Umm al-Banīn, near the graves of the Martyrs of Ḥarra, or about 10 meters from the grave of Ḥalīma al-Saʿdiyya at the end of Baqīʿ.[15]

Notes

  1. ↑ “The Shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar in Baqīʿ and Its Historical Context up to the Present Century,” p. 52.
  2. ↑ Al-Irshād, vol. 2, pp. 209–210.
  3. ↑ Al-Irshād, vol. 2, p. 209; Sirr al-Silsila al-ʿAlawiyya, p. 34; al-Majdī, p. 100.
  4. ↑ Wafāʾ al-Wafā, vol. 5, p. 117.
  5. ↑ Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra, p. 121.
  6. ↑ Wafāʾ al-Wafā, vol. 3, p. 306.
  7. ↑ See: “The Shrine of Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar in Baqīʿ and Its Historical Context up to the Present Century,” pp. 56–59.
  8. ↑ Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya, vol. 1, p. 381.
  9. ↑ Ḥālāt al-Ḥaramayn, in Fifty Hajj Travelogues from the Qajar Era, p. 256.
  10. ↑ Travelogue of Ḥājj Sayyid Muḥammad Fāṭimī, in Fourteen Other Hajj Travelogues from the Qajar Era, p. 996.
  11. ↑ Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, pp. 289–290.
  12. ↑ Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 290.
  13. ↑ Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna, p. 348.
  14. ↑ Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 290; Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna, p. 348.
  15. ↑ Tārīkh Ḥaram Aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ, p. 291.

References

  • ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-.Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya. Edited by Saʿīd al-Fāḍilī and Sulaymān al-Qarshī. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī lil-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 2006.
  • Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. Al-Adab al-mufrad. 3rd edition. Edited by Muḥammad Fuʾād ʿAbd al-Bāqī. Beirut: Dār al-Bashāʾir al-Islāmiya, 1409 AH.
  • Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. Āthār Islāmī Makka wa Madīna. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 AH.
  • Khamihyār, Aḥmad.** *Bahsht al-Baqīʿ*. Tehran: Andīsha-yi Mīrāth, 1401 AH.
  • Mufīd, Shaykh al-.Al-Irshād fī maʿrifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿibād. Edited by Muʾassasat Āl al-Bayt. Qom: Kongreh Shaykh Mufīd, 1413 AH.
  • Muṭrī, Jamāl al-Dīn Muḥammad b. Aḥmad al-.Al-Taʿrīf bimā ansat al-hijra. Edited by Salmān al-Raḥīlī. Riyadh: Dār al-Malik ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz, 1426 AH.
  • Najafī, Ḥāfiẓ.Buqʿat Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar fī al-Baqīʿ wa basīṭuhā al-tārīkhī ilā al-qarn al-ḥāḍir.Mīqāt al-Ḥajj, no. 124, pp. 49–74.
  • Najmī, Muḥammad Ṣādiq.Tārīkh ḥaram aʾimmat al-Baqīʿ wa āthār ukhrā fī Madīnat al-Munawwara. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 AH.
  • Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-.Wafāʾ al-wafā bi-akhbār dār al-Muṣṭafā. Edited by Qāsim al-Sāmarrāʾī. London: Muʾassasat al-Furqān, 2006.
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