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{{Building
{{Building
  | title = Mukhallaqa pillar
  | title = Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar
  | image =ستون مخلقه.jpg|File.png|270px|thumb|left
  | image =ستون مخلقه.jpg
  | image size =  
  | image size =  
  | image link =  
  | image link =  
  | image description =  
  | image description =  
  | other names = ʿAlam pillar
  | other names = Al-'Alam Pillar
  | place = [[Medina]], [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Masjid al-Nabi]]
  | place = [[Medina]], [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]
  | usage =  
  | usage =  
  | religious affiliation =  
  | religious affiliation =  
  | beliefs =  
  | beliefs =  
  | rituals = praying next to this pillar
  | rituals = Saying prayers next to this pillar is recommended
  | rulings =  
  | rulings =  
  | pilgrims =  
  | pilgrims =  
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  | status = Mukhallaqa pillar is the closest pillar to the [[prophet's Mihrab]] , which is connected to the back of the mihrab from the west.
  | status = Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar is the closest pillar to the [[prophet's Mihrab]] , which is connected to the back of the mihrab from the west.
  | capacity =  
  | capacity =  
  | facilities =  
  | facilities =  
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'''Mukhallaqa pillar'''(Arabic: مخلَّقه) is one of the pillars of [[Masjid al-Nabi]] and the closest pillar to [[Prophet's Mihrab|mihrab of Prophet]](a), which was the place where incense was placed to perfume the Masjid al-Nabi. After [[changeing Qibla]] in the second year of Hijra/ 624 , the Prophet used to pray in front of this pillar for some time. Therefore, this pillar, which was the sign of the Prophet's prayer, was called the “ʿAlam(sign) pillar”.
'''Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar''' (Arabic: {{ia|أُسطُوانَة المُخَلَّقَه}}) is one of the pillars of [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] and the closest pillar to [[the Prophet's Mihrab]], which was the place of incense to perfume the al-Masjid al-Nabawi. After [[changing of Qibla|Qibla was changed]] in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet used to pray in front of this pillar for some time. Therefore, this pillar, which was the sign of the Prophet's prayer, was called the al-'Alam (sign) Pillar.


the sources mentions that blessing this pillar is recommended and prayers next to it is fulfilled. It is also reported that [[Imam Rida(a)]] prayed 6 or 8 [[rakats]] next to this pillar.
The sources mention that the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar is a blessed site and praying near it is fulfilled. It is also reported that [[Imam al-Rida(a)]] prayed 6 or 8 [[rak'ats]] next to this pillar.
 
==Location==
Al-Mukhallaqah Pillar is the closest pillar to [[the Prophet's Mihrab]], and is now connected to the back of the mihrab from the west<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref> and now it is a little ahead of its original place<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref> and above it is written in a green circle with golden lines the words "{{ia|أسطوانه المخلّقه}}" (al- Mukhallaqa Pillar).<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref>
 
==Name==
The Arabic word, al-Mukhallaqa ({{ia|المُخَلَّقه}}), is derived from khalūq ({{ia|خَلوق}}) or khalāq ({{ia|خَلاق}}) means a pleasant fragrance. It is a type of perfume whose major part is saffron.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 10, p. 91, word (خلق)</ref> This pillar was named al-Mukhallkha (perfumed) because to perfume the mosque, it was anointed with perfume or incense was burned on it.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref>


==The place of Mukhallaqa pillar==
Mukhallaqah is the closest pillar to [[Prophet's Mihrab|prophet's mihrab]], which is connected to the back of the mihrab from the west<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref> and now it is a little ahead of its original place<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref> and above it is written in a green circle with golden lines the words "اسطوانه المخلّقه Al- Mukhallaqa pillar".<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 435.</ref>
==Concept==
The arabic word, Mukhallaqa(مُخَلَّقه), is from Khalūq(خَلوق) or Khalāq(خَلاق) means good smell, it is a type of perfume whose major part is saffron.<ref>Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 10, p. 91, word(خلق)</ref> This pillar was named Mukhallkha(Perfumed) because of that, to perfume the mosque, it was smeared with perfume or incense was burned on it.<ref>Qāʾidān, ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 191.</ref>
==History==
==History==
There are several narrations of the first people who tried to perfume the mosque, which are as follows:
There are several narrations of the first people who tried to perfume the mosque:
*It is said that the first person who perfumed the [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi|Prophet's Mosque]] was the wife of Uthman b. Mazʿun, one of the first Muslims, when his wife spat in the mosque, he washed and perfumed it.<ref>Najjār,''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100.</ref>
 
*According to [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]], the first person who perfumed the Prophet's Mosque was [[Uthman b. Affan]].<ref>Najjār,''Al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436.</ref>
* It is said that the first person who perfumed [[the Prophet's Mosque]] was the wife of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, one of the first Muslims, when her husband spat in the mosque, he washed and perfumed the mosque.<ref>Najjār,''al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100.</ref>
*During the Umayyah rule, [[Umar b. Abdul Aziz]] (R:99-101/717-8 -720) and during the Abbasid period<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿa makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 281.</ref>, [[Khayzran]], the mother of [[Harun al-Rashid]], did this work in 170 AH/786-7.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 350.</ref> It seems that since then, making the atmosphere of the mosque fragrant became popular.
 
==ʿAlam pillar==
* According to [[Jabir b. Abd Allah al-Ansari]], the first person who perfumed the Prophet's Mosque was [['Uthman b. Affan]].<ref>Najjār,''al-Durra al-thamīna'', p. 100; Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436.</ref>
After [[changing of the Qibla]] in the second year of Hijra/624, Prophet Muhammad(a) used to stand in front of this pillar to pray for some time. Then he prayed at the current mihrab, which is known as the [[Prophet's Mihrab|prophet's mihrab]], and this pillar, which was closer to the mihrab than the other pillars, was placed behind the mihrab. It was also called "Alam" which means the sign of the Prophet's prayer and [[Qibla]].<ref>Sayyid al-Wakīl, ''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar tārīkh'', p. 50; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Some biographers consider this pillar as the [[pillar of Tawba]] (repentance);<ref>Ṣāliḥī Damishqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 5, p. 8; Ḥalabī, ''Al-Sīra al-ḥalabiyya'', vol. 2, p. 664.</ref> But Waqidi based on narration considered them two separate pillars<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 507.</ref>.
 
==virtue of Mukhallaqa pillar==
* During the Umayyah rule, [['Umar b. Abd al-'Aziz]] (R:99/717-8 -101/720) and during the Abbasid period<ref>Yamānī, ''Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama'', vol. 2, p. 436; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 281.</ref>, [[Khayzran]], the mother of [[Harun al-Rashid]], did so in 170/786-7.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 1, p. 350.</ref> It seems that since then, perfuming the mosque became pervalent.
One of the places where prayers are fulfilled is considered to be next to the Mukhallaqa pillar.<ref>Ṣāliḥī Damishqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 3, p. 322.</ref> According to a report, [[Salma b. Akuaʿ]], a companion and narrator of hadith of the Prophet, tried to perform his prayer near this pillar, and when they asked him the reason for it, he considered this to be the behavior of the Prophet.<ref>Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad'', vol. 4, p. 48; Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 1, p. 127; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref>
 
According to Shia narrations, [[Imam Reza]](a) came to the [[Prophet's grave]] during his [[Umra]] and prayed six or eight [[rak'ats]] near the Mukhallaqa pillar.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 5, 161; vol. 14, p. 359; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 80, p. 314.</ref> also It is recommended to bless this pillar.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref>
==Al-'Alam Pillar==
 
After [[changing the Qibla|the Qibla was changed]] in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet Muhammad (s) stood for prayer in front of this pillar for some time. Then he prayed in the current mihrab, which is known as [[the Prophet's mihrab]], and that pillar, which was closer to the mihrab than the other pillars, was placed behind the mihrab. It was also called "al-'Alam" (sign), meaning the sign of the Prophet's mihrab and Qibla.<ref>Sayyid al-Wakīl, ''al-Masjid al-Nabawī ʿibar al-tārīkh'', p. 50; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref> Some historians of the Prophet's life consider this pillar to be the same as the [[Pillar of Repentance]];<ref>Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 5, p. 8; Ḥalabī, ''al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya'', vol. 2, p. 664.</ref> however, al-Waqidi, based on a narration, considers them to be two separate pillars.<ref>Wāqidī, ''al-Maghāzī'', vol. 2, p. 507.</ref>
 
==Virtue==
One of the places where prayers are fulfilled is considered to be next to the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar.<ref>Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, ''Subul al-hudā'', vol. 3, p. 322.</ref> According to a report, [[Salamat b. Akwa']], a Companion and narrator of hadith of the Prophet (s), tried to perform his prayer near this pillar, and when they asked him the reason for it, he considered this to be the behavior of the Prophet.<ref>Ibn Ḥanbal, ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad'', vol. 4, p. 48; Bukhārī, ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'', vol. 1, p. 127; Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 2, p. 174.</ref>
 
According to Shia narrations, [[Imam al-Rida (a)]] came to the [[Prophet's grave]] during his [[Umra]] and prayed six or eight [[rak'ats]] near the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar.<ref>Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 5, 161; vol. 14, p. 359; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 80, p. 314.</ref> also the pillar is considered blessed.<ref>Amīnī, ''Al-Ghadīr'', vol. 5, p. 124.</ref>
 
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
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==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*Amīnī, ʿAbd al-Ḥusayn. ''Al-Ghadīr fī al-kitāb wa al-sunna wa al-ʾadab''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, 1397 AH.
*Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-fikr, 1401 AH.
*Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''. Beirut: Dār al-fikr, 1401 AH.
*Ḥalabī, Nūr al-Dīn. ''Al-Sīra al-ḥalabiyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1400 AH.
*Ḥalabī, Nūr al-Dīn al-. ''Al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1400 AH.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
*Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa''. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
*Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.d].
*Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. ''Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal''. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.d].
*Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
*Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. ''Lisān al-ʿArab''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Najjār, Muḥammad  b. Maḥmūd al- .''Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Darāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH.
*Najjār, Muḥammad  b. Maḥmūd al-.''Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina''. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Dirāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
*Ṣāliḥī Damishqī, Muḥammad b. Yusuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
*Ṣāliḥī Dimashqī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf. ''Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād''. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
*Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al- .''Al-masjid al-nabawīī ʿabar  tārīkh''. [n.p], Dār al-mujtamaʿ li-lnashr wa al-tawziʿ, 1988.
*Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al-.''Al-masjid al-nabawī ʿibar al-tārīkh''. [n.p], Dār al-Mujtamaʿ li-l-Nashr wa al-Tawziʿ, 1988.
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
*Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
{{end}}
{{end}}
[[Category:Pillars of al-Masjid al-Nabawi]]
[[fa:ستون مخلقه]]
[[fa:ستون مخلقه]]

Latest revision as of 10:33, 9 December 2024

Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar
Template:Px
General Information
Other NamesAl-'Alam Pillar
PlaceMedina, al-Masjid al-Nabawi
Religious Aspect
RitualsSaying prayers next to this pillar is recommended
Current State
StatusAl-Mukhallaqa Pillar is the closest pillar to the prophet's Mihrab , which is connected to the back of the mihrab from the west.

Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar (Arabic: أُسطُوانَة المُخَلَّقَه) is one of the pillars of al-Masjid al-Nabawi and the closest pillar to the Prophet's Mihrab, which was the place of incense to perfume the al-Masjid al-Nabawi. After Qibla was changed in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet used to pray in front of this pillar for some time. Therefore, this pillar, which was the sign of the Prophet's prayer, was called the al-'Alam (sign) Pillar.

The sources mention that the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar is a blessed site and praying near it is fulfilled. It is also reported that Imam al-Rida(a) prayed 6 or 8 rak'ats next to this pillar.

Location

Al-Mukhallaqah Pillar is the closest pillar to the Prophet's Mihrab, and is now connected to the back of the mihrab from the west[1] and now it is a little ahead of its original place[2] and above it is written in a green circle with golden lines the words "أسطوانه المخلّقه" (al- Mukhallaqa Pillar).[3]

Name

The Arabic word, al-Mukhallaqa (المُخَلَّقه), is derived from khalūq (خَلوق) or khalāq (خَلاق) means a pleasant fragrance. It is a type of perfume whose major part is saffron.[4] This pillar was named al-Mukhallkha (perfumed) because to perfume the mosque, it was anointed with perfume or incense was burned on it.[5]

History

There are several narrations of the first people who tried to perfume the mosque:

  • It is said that the first person who perfumed the Prophet's Mosque was the wife of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, one of the first Muslims, when her husband spat in the mosque, he washed and perfumed the mosque.[6]

Al-'Alam Pillar

After the Qibla was changed in the second year of Hijra/624, the Prophet Muhammad (s) stood for prayer in front of this pillar for some time. Then he prayed in the current mihrab, which is known as the Prophet's mihrab, and that pillar, which was closer to the mihrab than the other pillars, was placed behind the mihrab. It was also called "al-'Alam" (sign), meaning the sign of the Prophet's mihrab and Qibla.[10] Some historians of the Prophet's life consider this pillar to be the same as the Pillar of Repentance;[11] however, al-Waqidi, based on a narration, considers them to be two separate pillars.[12]

Virtue

One of the places where prayers are fulfilled is considered to be next to the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar.[13] According to a report, Salamat b. Akwa', a Companion and narrator of hadith of the Prophet (s), tried to perform his prayer near this pillar, and when they asked him the reason for it, he considered this to be the behavior of the Prophet.[14]

According to Shia narrations, Imam al-Rida (a) came to the Prophet's grave during his Umra and prayed six or eight rak'ats near the al-Mukhallaqa Pillar.[15] also the pillar is considered blessed.[16]

Notes

  1. ↑ Yamānī, Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama, vol. 2, p. 435.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 191.
  3. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 191; Yamānī, Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama, vol. 2, p. 435.
  4. ↑ Ibn Manẓūr, Lisān al-ʿArab, vol. 10, p. 91, word (خلق)
  5. ↑ Qāʾidān, Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 191.
  6. ↑ Najjār,al-Durra al-thamīna, p. 100.
  7. ↑ Najjār,al-Durra al-thamīna, p. 100; Yamānī, Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama, vol. 2, p. 436.
  8. ↑ Yamānī, Mawsūʿat Makka al-mukarrama, vol. 2, p. 436; Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 1, p. 281.
  9. ↑ Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 1, p. 350.
  10. ↑ Sayyid al-Wakīl, al-Masjid al-Nabawī ʿibar al-tārīkh, p. 50; Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 2, p. 174.
  11. ↑ Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, Subul al-hudā, vol. 5, p. 8; Ḥalabī, al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya, vol. 2, p. 664.
  12. ↑ Wāqidī, al-Maghāzī, vol. 2, p. 507.
  13. ↑ Ṣāliḥī al-Dimashqī, Subul al-hudā, vol. 3, p. 322.
  14. ↑ Ibn Ḥanbal, Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad, vol. 4, p. 48; Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 1, p. 127; Samhūdī, Wafāʾ al-wafā, vol. 2, p. 174.
  15. ↑ Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa, vol. 5, 161; vol. 14, p. 359; Majlisī, Biḥār al-anwār, vol. 80, p. 314.
  16. ↑ Amīnī, Al-Ghadīr, vol. 5, p. 124.

References

  • Bukhārī, Muḥammad b. Ismāʿīl al-. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī. Beirut: Dār al-fikr, 1401 AH.
  • Ḥalabī, Nūr al-Dīn al-. Al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1400 AH.
  • Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa. Qom: Muʾassisat Āl al-Bayt, 1414 AH.
  • Ibn Ḥanbal, Aḥmad b. Muḥammad. Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal. Beirut: Dār Ṣādir, [n.d].
  • Ibn Manẓūr, Muḥammad b. Mukarram. Lisān al-ʿArab. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1414 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Biḥār al-anwār. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
  • Najjār, Muḥammad b. Maḥmūd al-.Al-Durra al-thamīna fī akhbār al-madina. Medina: Markaz Buḥūth wa Dirāsāt al-Madina al-Munawwara, 1427 AH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna. 4th edition. Qom: Nashr-i Mashʿar, 1381 Sh.
  • Ṣāliḥī Dimashqī, Muḥammad b. Yūsuf. Subul al-hudā wa al-rashād fī sīrat khayr al-ʿibād. 1st edition. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
  • Sayyid al-Wakīl, Muḥammad al-.Al-masjid al-nabawī ʿibar al-tārīkh. [n.p], Dār al-Mujtamaʿ li-l-Nashr wa al-Tawziʿ, 1988.
  • Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
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