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"Gutter of the Ka'ba"
"Gutter of the Ka'ba" (in Arabic: ميزاب الكعبة) is a channel on the northern wall of the [[Ka'ba]] for draining rainwater from its roof. The gutter is located on the side of [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The [[Quraysh]] were the first to build this gutter during the construction of the Ka'ba. This gutter has been reconstructed during various reigns.


Furthermore, in the sayings of the infallibles, the Gutter of the Ka'ba is introduced as a blessed place and a site of worship for the prophets and the Ahl al-Bayt. In Persian literature, poets such as Lari and Khaqani have composed poems about this gutter.
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.


==Location==
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].


The location of the Gutter of the Ka'ba is on its eastern side, where the rainwater from the roof of the Ka'ba flows into the [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]]. The Gutter of the Ka'ba is installed on the northern side, on the roof of the Ka'ba, and directs rainwater into the Hijr Ismail.<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 291.</ref>
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


==Terminology==
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
"Mizab" in Arabic means "gutter," and some believe that "mizab" has a Persian origin from the word "marzab," meaning a water channel or drainage.<ref>Zubaydī, "Tāj al-ʿurūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs", vol. 1, p. 302.</ref>
This gutter is also known by the names "Mizab al-Dhahab" (Golden Gutter).<ref>Ghaffārī, "Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn", vol. 1, p. 178.</ref>
and "Mizab al-Rahma" (Gutter of Mercy).<ref>Batnūnī, "Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah", p. 105. , Khalīlī, "Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah", vol. 2, p. 236.</ref>  
==History==


The Gutter of the Ka'ba has been replaced multiple times throughout history. The Ka'ba built by [[Prophet Ibrahim]] (Abraham) (peace be upon him) did not have a roof.<ref>ʿĀmilī, " Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah", vol. 13, p. 211-214.</ref>
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
Therefore, it did not require a gutter. Later, Qusayy b. Kilab built a wooden roof for the [[Ka'ba]] but did not include a gutter for the roof. The Quraysh, who constructed the first sturdy roof for the Ka'ba, also created a place for the rainwater to flow, directing the water into the [[Hijr Isma'il|Hijr Ismail]].<ref>Azraqī, ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār'', vol. 1, p. 164.</ref>
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
"According to Mohammad Taher Kordi in the book 'Tareekh al-Qawim'<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 167- 169.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
The history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Ka'ba is as follows:
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
Here is the history of the reconstruction of the Gutter of the Ka'ba:
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.


* In the year 64 AH/683-4, [[Ibn Zubayr]] reconstructed the Ka'ba and installed a gutter for it.
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
Additional details include:
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>  
  * [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf]] made a gutter from brass for the roof of the Ka'ba.
  * [[Walid b. Abd al-Malik]] plated a page with gold on this gutter.
  * Reconstruction of the mizab in 539 AH/1144-5 by Ramshat, who was the builder of [[Ramshat Ribat]] in [[Mecca]].
  * Replacement of the gutter ordered by Caliph al-Muqtadir in 541 AH/1146-7.
  * According to reports, Rameshah, one of the dignitaries of Mecca, ruled Mecca from 701/1301-2 to 746 AH/1345-6 and also constructed a gutter for the Ka'ba.
  * Nasser al-Din Allah also constructed a gutter for the Ka'ba in 781 AH/1379-80, said to be made of wood and decorated with silver.
  * In 959 AH/1552, Sultan Sulaiman Qanooni installed a silver gutter on the Ka'ba.
  * In 962 AH/1554-5, it was replaced with a gold gutter.
  * In 1021 AH/1612-3, Sultan Ahmed decorated it with gold and turquoise.
  * In 1273 AH/1856-7, Sultan Abdul Majid constructed a gutter made of pure gold. This gutter, which used approximately 50 pounds of gold, remained on the Kaaba until the time of Mohammad Taher Kordi's lifetime.<ref>Kurdī, ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm'', vol. 4, p. 171.</ref>
==In narrations==
In the narrations, under the Gutter of the Ka'ba is described as the place where Gabriel stood to deliver messages to the [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|Prophet]] and also as a place of worship for the Ahl al-Bayt.<ref>Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 9, p. 427.</ref> It has been mentioned in the narrations.<ref> Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 557.</ref>
Also, there are mentions in narrations about reciting supplications and prayers under the Gutter of the Ka'ba.<ref>Nūrī, " Mustadrak al-wasāʾil", vol. 3, p. 422. , Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 99, p. 230.</ref>
===The cause of healing for the sick===
"In some narrations, the water that flows from the Gutter is described as having healing properties.<ref>Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 6, p. 387. , Majlisī,  ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 47, p. 122.
</ref>
==In Persian literature==
the Gutter of the Ka'ba is among the concepts that poets have composed poems about, such as Mahi Lari<ref> Lārī, ''Fatūḥ al-Ḥaramayn'', p. 45-46.</ref>
and Khaqani, like:
"O you thirsty for the clouds of your mercy, like me at the lip of the Gutter of the Ka'ba...
He seeks, blessed by the water of your hand, like a pilgrim from the Gutter of the Ka'ba."<ref>Khāqānī, ''Dīvān Khāqānī'', vol. 1, p. 516.</ref>
==Notes==
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
{{Notes}}
==References==
==References==
{{References}}
{{References}}
*ʿĀmilī, Muḥammad ibn Ḥasan Ḥurr. ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿah''. Qom: Muʾassasah Āl al-Bayt (ʿA) li-Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1416 AH.
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Azraqī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Akhbār Makka wa mā jāʾa fīhā min al-āthār''. Edited by Rushdī Ṣāliḥ Mulḥis. Beirut: 1403 AH.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*Batnūnī, Muḥammad Labīb. ''Al-Riḥlah al-Ḥijāziyyah''. Cairo: Maṭbaʿat al-Jamālīyah, 1329 AH.
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
*Ghaffārī, Ibrāhīm. ''Rāhnemā-ye Haramayn Sharīfayn''. Bījā, Usvah, 1370 SH.
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
*Khāqānī, Badīl ibn ʿAlī. ''Dīvān Khāqānī (Volume 1): Chāmahāhā va Tarkīb-bandhā''. Edited by Mīr Jalāl al-Dīn Kuzāzī. Tehran: Nashr-e Markaz, 1375 SH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Khalīlī, Jaʿfar. ''Mawsūʿat al-ʿAtābāt al-Muqaddasah''. Beirut: Muʾassasah al-Aʿlamī li-l-Maṭbūʿāt, 1407 AH / 1987 CE.
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
*Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb al-. ''Al-Kāfī''. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
*Kurdī, Muḥammad Ṭāhir. ''Al-Tārīkh al-qawīm li Makka wa bayt Allāh al-karīm''. Beirut: : Dār al- Khiḍr, 1420 AH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
*Lārī, Muḥyi al-Dīn. ''Futūḥ al-Ḥaramayn''. Edited by ʿAlī Muḥaddith. Tehran: Intishārāt-e Eṭlāʿāt, 1366 SH.
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Biḥār al-anwār''. Second edition. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
* Nūrī. ''Mustadrak al-wasāʾil''. Beirut: Āl al-Bayt, 1408 AH.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
*Shojāʿī, Muḥammad. ''Ḥajj dar āʾīneh-ye shāʿr-i Fārsī''. 2nd edition. Tehran: Mašʿar, 1388 SH.
*Zubaydī, Sayyid Muḥammad Muṛtaḍā. ''Tāj al-ʿArūs min Jawāhir al-Qāmūs''.Edited by ʿAlī Shīrī. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr lil-Ṭibāʿah wa al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʿ, 1st edition, 1414 AH.
{{end}}
{{end}}
[[fa: ناودان کعبه]]

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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