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'''Badr Martyrs Cemetery''' is the Badr battlefield where, according to historical traditions, the martyrs of Badr are buried there. Badr is located near the city of [[Medina]] in Saudi Arabia.The cemetery of the Badr martyrs, according to historical travelogues, was an area adjacent to the [[Arish Mosque]]. Today, there is still a cemetery with a wall in the city of Badr, recognized as the burial place of the martyrs of Badr."


==The Battle of Badr==
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.
[[The Battle of Badr]] was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH/. At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah.<ref>Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 384; Najafī, ''Madīna shināsī'', vol. 2, p. 28.</ref>"The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 2, p. 12; Wāqidī, ''Al-Maghāzī'', vol. 1, p. 145-152.</ref>


==Martyrs of Badr==
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
Most historians have identified the martyrs of Badr as fourteen individuals. These fourteen include the following individuals:<ref> Zāhidī Muqaddam, ''Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān'', p. 91.</ref>
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
===Martyrs of Badr from the immigrants===
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].


1. Ubaidah bin Harith
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
2. Umayr bin Abi Waqqas
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
3. Umayr bin Abd Amr bin Nudlah Khazai
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
4. Aqil bin Bukayr
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
5. Mihja' Ghulam of Umar bin Khattab
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
6. Safwan bin Bayda
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


===Martyrs of Badr from the Ansar===
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>


1. Sa'd bin Khuthaimah
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
2. Mubashir bin Abdul-Mundhir bin Zunbur
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
3. Yazid bin Harith bin Fushum
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
4. Umayr bin Humam
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
5. Rafi bin Mu'awi
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.
6. Harithah bin Suraqah bin Harith
7. Awf bin Harith bin Rufa'ah
8. Mu'adh bin Harith bin Rufa'ah."


==The city of Badr==
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
Today, the region of Badr, also known as Badr Hunayn, has transformed into a city located 153 kilometers from Medina and 310 kilometers from Mecca. Its population in the year 1425 AH/2004-5 was over 33,000 people, and considering the population of its suburbs, it exceeded 58,000 people.<ref>Zāhidī Muqaddam, ''Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān'', p. 17.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>  
==Historical reports about the Badr Cemetery==
==Notes==
One of the oldest known reports about the Badr Cemetery dates back to Waqidi (d. 207 AH)."(5)( • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān.p110).
{{Notes}}
"According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other."(6) Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī'.vol1.p147).
==References==
"In the fifth century, Bihiqi (d. 458 AH) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage."(7) Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa''.vol3.p125).
{{References}}
"In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove."(8)( • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr.p148).
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
"Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque."(9)( • ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī.p346/347).
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
"Several centuries later, in the year 1110 (AH 1170), Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery. (Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354). In 1179, Wirthlani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall."(10)( • Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya..vol1.p419).
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
"Other reports do not provide significantly different information."(11)( • Burckhardt,  John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya.vol2.p193-195,,, • Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana..p97).
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
 
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
"The current status of the graves of the martyrs of Uhud."
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
"Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1978), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.'"(12)( • Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī.vol2.p172).
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
"The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones."(13)( "The images of the cemetery of Baqi.")
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
منابع
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
• Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr''. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
• Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa, 1429 AH.
{{end}}
Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Maghāzī''. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.
 
Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa''. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1405 AH.
• Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya (Travels in Arabia). Cairo: Al-Markaz al-Raqūmī li-l-Tarjuma, 2007.
• ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī. Damascus: Dār al- Saʿd al-Din, 1426 AH.
• Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān. Tehran: Hajj and Pilgrimage Research Institute, 1401 sh.
 
• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh.
• Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana. . Tehran: Mashʿar, 1379 sh.

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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