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'''The verse of Hajj''' is The 97th verse of Surah Aal-e-Imran is the basis for the obligation of Hajj upon all those who are financially able. Some other verses, such as verse 196 of Surah Al-Baqarah and verse 27 of Surah Al-Hajj, are also referred to as Hajj verses. Scholars and jurists have interpreted this verse in various ways. For example, according to this verse, Hajj is obligatory for everyone (some jurists even argue for non-Muslims). Furthermore, when one becomes financially capable, they should perform Hajj at the earliest opportunity. It is emphasized that Hajj is a divine right and should only be undertaken for the sake of God's pleasure.
==The verses of Hajj==
The verses related to Hajj, its pillars, and its regulations are numerous and scattered throughout the Quran. However, the well-known verse referred to as the "Hajj verse," from which many commentators and scholars have derived this interpretation, is verse 97 of Surah Aal-e-Imran. Some commentators and jurists have also interpreted the Hajj verse based on verse 196 of Surah Al-Baqarah and verse 27 of Surah Al-Hajj.
==The text of the verse==
فِيهِ آيَاتٌ بَيِّنَاتٌ مَّقَامُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ ۖ وَمَن دَخَلَهُ كَانَ آمِنًا ۗ وَلِلَّـهِ عَلَى النَّاسِ حِجُّ الْبَيْتِ مَنِ اسْتَطَاعَ إِلَيْهِ سَبِيلًا ۚ وَمَن كَفَرَ فَإِنَّ اللَّـهَ غَنِيٌّ عَنِ الْعَالَمِينَ.<ref>Quran: 3: 97. </ref> In it are clear signs [such as] Abraham's station. Anyone who enters it will be secure. Pilgrimage to the House is a duty imposed on mankind by God, for anyone who can afford a way to do so. Anyone who disbelieves [will find] that God is Transcendent, beyond [any need of] the Universe.


==The Revelation of the Verse and the Obligation of Hajj==
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.


Some commentators have stated that Hajj became obligatory with the revelation of this very verse in the 9th or 10th year of the Hijra (or, in other words, with the revelation of verse 27 of Surah Al-Hajj), and the Prophet performed the Hajj in the 10th year after the descent of this verse. Others believe that this verse (along with other verses from Surah Aal-e-Imran) was revealed in the third year of Hijra in Medina, and the Prophet (peace be upon him) did not have the opportunity to perform Hajj until the 10th year of Hijra. Some consider the timing of the obligation of Hajj to be related to the revelation of other verses, including verse 27 of Surah Al-Hajj, verse 196 of Surah Al-Baqarah, or verse 96 of Surah Aal-e-Imran.
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
==Contents of the Verse==
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].


===Obligation of Hajj, even upon disbelievers===
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>
According to this verse, Allah has made Hajj obligatory for those who are financially able. It is said that the address in the verse includes everyone, be it a man, a woman, a believer, or a disbeliever. Some Shiite jurists and some Sunni scholars believe that based on this verse, Hajj is obligatory for disbelievers just like it is for believers, and Islam has only defined the condition for its validity, not the condition for its obligation.
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


===Financial ability (Condition for the obligation of Hajj)===
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
In this verse, the obligation of Hajj is contingent upon financial ability. Shiite jurists and many Sunni scholars, based on the Hajj verse and verse 196 of Al-Baqarah, argue for the immediate performance of Hajj after acquiring the financial means and fulfilling the other conditions of the obligation of Hajj.


===Meaning of "who disbelieves" in the verse===
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
Commentators have understood the term "who disbelieves" in the Hajj verse to refer to someone who denies the obligation of Hajj. However, someone who believes in its obligation but neglects to perform Hajj is not labeled as a disbeliever. According to some commentators, the meaning of "who disbelieves" is not leaving the circle of Islam; rather, it signifies ingratitude for blessings, as acting against divine command, failing to express gratitude for blessings, and disobedience to divine orders are considered a form of ingratitude.
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.


===Hajj as a Divine Right===
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
According to verse 97 of Surah Aal-e-Imran, Hajj is one of the divine rights granted to the servants of God. Based on this, it is emphasized that Hajj should be performed solely for the sake of God's pleasure.
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>
==Notes==
{{Notes}}
==References==
{{References}}
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
{{end}}

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. ↑ Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. ↑ Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. ↑ majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. ↑ Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. ↑ Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. ↑ Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. ↑ Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
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