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'''Suqyā Mosque'''(Arabic: مسجد السقیا) is one of the mosques in [[Medina]], which is located in the southeast part of Medina railway station, in ʿAnbarīyya neighborhood. This mosque is called Suqyā; Because it is located in the Suqyā region and near the Suqyā well. On the way to [[Badr]], the Prophet saw his army in Suqyā, did his prayer, prayed for the people of [[Medina]] and drank water from the well of Suqyā.


==Location==
'''Al_Mustajār''' (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] and the second door of the [[Ka'ba]], which was sealed during the time of [[Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi]]. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.
Suqyā Mosque is located inside the fence of ʿAnbarīyya railway station and in its southeast. The well of Suqyā is located in the south of that mosque, and Tariq Makka Street separates the two(the well and the mosque).<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Currently, the Suqyā Mosque is located inside the railway station.<ref>Jaʿfariyān, ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 367.</ref>


==Reason for the naming==
The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.
This mosque is called Suqyā; Because it is located in the Suqyā region and near the Suqyā well.<ref>Abdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 102.</ref>
==Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam==
Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and [[Al_Multazam]].


===Qubba al-ruʾūs===
It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the [[Ka'ba]] on the western side, encompassing the distance from the [[the Rukn al-Yamani]] to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] to the current door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.</ref>  
From the 11th/16thAD century onwards, this mosque was also known as the Qubba al-ruʾūs.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> According to ʿAlī Ḥāfiẓ, it was called Qubba al-ruʾūs because the ʿUttoman Turks used to cut off the heads of desert bandits and put them there.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-madīna al-munawwara'', P. 136; Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', p. 146.</ref>According to ʿAyyāshī, the historian of [[Medina]], Making this mosque known as Qubba al-ruʾūs has a bad effect and this name is not worthy of this mosque.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa al-ḥāḍir'', p. 192.</ref>
However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider [[al-Multazam]] and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between [[the Hajar al-Aswad]] and the door of the Ka'ba.<ref>Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.</ref>
Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from [[the Ahl al-Bayt]] regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.<ref>majlisī, ''Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl'', vol. 9, p. 106.</ref>
In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).<ref>Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.</ref>
Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.<ref>Fāsī al-Makkī, ''Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām'',vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf'', p. 47. </ref>
==Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba==


==Prophet(a) in Suqyā==
Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the [[Ka'ba]] that was split open to allow [[Fatimah bint Asad]], the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.<ref>Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 97.</ref>
On the way from Medina to Badr (in the [[Battle of Badr]]), [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]] stopped in Suqyā and did prayer and prayed: Just as God blessed the people of [[Mecca]] after the prayer of Prophet Abraham (a), may He also bless the people of [[Medina]].<ref>Tirmidhī, ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ'', vol. 5, p. 528.</ref> It is said that the Prophet saw his army in this place.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol 1., p. 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet(a) drank water from the Suqyā well on his way to Badr.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol.1, p. 504.</ref>


==History of Suqyā Mosque==
==The Supplication of Mustajār==
Ibn Shabbah considers this mosque as one of the mosques where the Prophet(a) prayed.<ref>Numīrī, ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> According to Samhūdī's report, [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿazīz]] built this mosque at the place of the Prophet's prayer. According to the words of Samhūdī, quoted by Abū ʿAbdallah Asadī, one of the historians of the first centuries, this mosque was famous as one of the historical mosques of [[Medina]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 198.</ref>
In the rituals of [[Tawaf]], it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their [[Tawaf]], to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the [[Ka'ba]], and say:
*أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."
Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:
*أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.


===Samhūdī's report about Suqyā Mosque===
Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to [[the Hajar al-Aswad]], complete their Tawaf, and say:
At the time of Samhūdī, this mosque was destroyed. He went to the place of the mosque and seeing a big building stone, he ordered to dig there. After the exploration, the miḥrāb and the four corners of the Suqyā Mosque appeared. Based on the decorations and carvings of the stones that were discovered, Samhoudi believed that this building was built during the time of [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿazīz]].<ref>Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> According to Samhudī's report, Suqyā Mosque in his time, was rebuilt on its original foundations, which is a square with an area of about seven cubits by seven cubits.<ref>Samhudī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref>Aḥmad ʿAbbāsī's report in the 11th/17th century also confirms the area of this mosque.<ref>ʿAbbāsī, ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār'', p. 189.</ref>
*أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.<ref>Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.</ref>  
According to a report from 1073AH/1662-3AD this mosque is located on the left side of the road leading to [[Medina]] from [[ʿAqīq]] route, in the western [[Ḥarra]].<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya'', vol. 1, p. 395.</ref>
==Notes==
 
{{Notes}}
===Yāsīn Khayārī's opinion===
==References==
Scholars of the first and middle centuries are of the same opinion that the Suqyā Mosque is a historical mosque that is located inside the railway station today. Yāsīn Al-Khayārī a contemporary historian of [[Medina]], said: the ruined building that was located next to the Suqyā well in his time and was destroyed for the development of the road, is the Saqiya Mosque.<ref>Khayārī, ''Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan'', p. 149.</ref>This dilapidated building is clearly visible in the picture he gave in his book. Muḥammad ʾIlyās Abdu-l Ghanī, with several reasons, has proved the famous opinion and rejected the opinion of Khayārī.<ref>Abdu-l Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara'', p. 102-106.</ref>
{{References}}
 
*Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. ''Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām''. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
==Description of the mosque==
*Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf''. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
Shanqīṭī describes the Suqyā Mosque as follows: Inside the buildings of the railway station, from the south, the Suqyā Mosque can be seen, which has triple domes. The middle dome is bigger.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''Al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-rasūl'', p. 237.</ref>
*Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
The mosque building has vertical and horizontal sections and consists of three empty spaces or gaps covered by three domes. The middle dome is the biggest of all the domes. Its miḥrāb is in the [[Qibla]] wall. In half of the north, east and west walls of its building, an arched and crescent-shaped valve with a circular arch is installed. The walls are plastered with white plaster.<ref>Ṣāliḥī Lumaʿī, ''Al-madīna al-munawwara wa taṭawwurihā al-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī'' P. 209-210.</ref>
*Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. ''Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
 
*Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. ''Mir'āt al-'uqūl''. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
==notes==
*Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. ''Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām''. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
{{notes}}
*Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
==references==
*Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. ''Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
{{references}}
*Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. ''Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh''. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
*ʿAbbāsī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd.''ʿUmdat al-akhbār''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿilmīyya, [n.d].
*Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. ''Manāʾih al-Karam''. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
*ʿAbdu-l Ghanī, Muḥammad ʾIlyās. ''Al-Masājid al-Atharīyya fī al- madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: [n.p], 2000.
*Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. ''Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah''. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.
*Anṣārī, ʿAbdu-l quddūs al-. ''Āthār madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: Maktabat al-Salafīyya, 1973.
*ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad. ''Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya''. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006.
*ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm .''Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa al-ḥāḍir''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿilmīyya, 1972.
*Ḥāfiẓ, ʿAlī.Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara. Jeddah: Shirka al-madīna al-munawwara, 1417 AH.
*Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ‘’Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā’’. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990.
*Jaʿfariyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382 Sh.
*Khayārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn.Tārīkh maʿālimal-madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan. Riyadh: al-Amāna alʿāmma li-liḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā tʾsīs al-mamlika al- ʿarabiyya al-suʿūdiyya, 1419 AH/1999.
*Numīrī, Ibn Shabbah. ''Tārīkh al-madīna al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1380 sh.
*Ṣāliḥī Lumaʿī,  Muṣṭafā.Al-madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā al-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī. Beirut: Dār al-Nihḍa al-‘Arabīyya, 1981.
*Samhudī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh. ‘’Wafāʾ al-wafā bi akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā’’. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi al-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.
*Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad al-ʾAmīn al-. Al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-rasūl(s). Beirut: Muʾassisa ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, 1411 AH.
*Tirmidhī, Muḥammad ibn ʿĪsā al-. ‘’Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ’’. cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1419 AH.
{{end}}
{{end}}

Latest revision as of 11:30, 7 August 2024

Al_Mustajār (Arabic: المستجار) is a part of the western wall of the Ka'ba, approximately 2 meters in length, located between the Rukn al-Yamani and the second door of the Ka'ba, which was sealed during the time of Hajjaj b. Yusuf al-Thaqafi. This section is at the back of the Ka'ba, directly opposite the current door of the Ka'ba.

The meaning of the word Mustajār is 'refuge' or 'sanctuary.' This place is known for the acceptance of repentance and is recommended for supplication and prayer.

Al- Mustajar and Al-Multazam

Two places on the wall of the Ka'ba are introduced as places for the acceptance of supplications and repentance, and there are narrations about them:Al_Mustajar and Al_Multazam.

It is usually said that Mustajār is at the back of the Ka'ba on the western side, encompassing the distance from the the Rukn al-Yamani to the sealed door of the Kaaba, and Multazam is on the eastern side, encompassing the distance from the Hajar al-Aswad to the current door of the Ka'ba.[1] However, the narrations related to Multazam and Mustajar have been mixed together, and sometimes Mustajar and Multazam are considered two names for the same place. It is sometimes said that Shia Muslims consider al-Multazam and al-Mustajar to be the same, whereas Sunni Muslims consider them to be different, with Multazam being the area between the Hajar al-Aswad and the door of the Ka'ba.[2] Some Shia scholars, based on the collections of narrations from the Ahl al-Bayt regarding the acts performed at Multazam and Mustajār, have concluded that these two are names for the same place, which is Mustajār.[3] In Sunni sources, there are also numerous narrations and reports that consider Multazam to be at the back of the Ka'ba (the same place as Mustajar).[4] Despite all this, in most geographical sources on Mecca, Multazam and Mustajar are distinguished from each other.[5]

Al_Mustajār and the Crack of the Ka'ba

Some consider Al_Mustajār to be the part of the wall of the Ka'ba that was split open to allow Fatimah bint Asad, the mother of Imam Ali (peace be upon him), to enter the Kaaba for the birth of her son.[6]

The Supplication of Mustajār

In the rituals of Tawaf, it is mentioned that: It is recommended for the pilgrim, in the last round of their Tawaf, to place their face and hands on the wall, press their stomach and front against the wall of the Ka'ba, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ الْبَيْتُ بَيْتُكَ وَالْعَبْدُ عَبْدُكَ وَهذا مَكانُ الْعائِذِ بِكَ مِنَ النَّار. "O Allah, this house is Your house, and this servant is Your servant, and this is the place of one who seeks refuge with You from the Fire."

Then, they should confess their sins and seek forgiveness, and afterwards say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ مِنْ قِبَلِكَ الرَّوْحُ وَالْفَرَجُ وَالْعافِيَةُ. أللَّهُمَّ إنَّ عَمَلِي ضَعيْفٌ فَضاعِفْهُ لِي وَاغْفِرْ لي مَا اطَّلَعْتَ عَلَيْهِ مِنِّي وَخَفِيَ عَلى‏ خَلْقِكَ أسْتَجِيرُ بِاللَّهِ مِنَ النَّار."O Allah, from You comes the spirit, relief, and well-being. O Allah, my deeds are weak, so multiply them for me and forgive me for what You have seen of me that is hidden from Your creation. I seek refuge with Allah from the Fire.

Then, after that, the person should make any supplications they wish, touch the Yemeni Corner (Rukn Yamani), come to the Hajar al-Aswad, complete their Tawaf, and say:

  • أللَّهُمَّ قَنِّعْنِي بِما رَزَقْتَني وَبارِكْ لِي فِيما آتَيْتَني‏ "O Allah, make me content with what You have provided me and bless me in what You have granted me.[7]

Notes

  1. Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, " Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh", p. 99_101.
  2. Qāʾidān, " Tārīkh wa āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna", p. 71.
  3. majlisī, Mirāʾat al-ʿUqūl, vol. 9, p. 106.
  4. Naʿmatī, "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam" p. 84.
  5. Fāsī al-Makkī, Shifāʾ al-gharām bi akhbār al-balad al-ḥarām,vol. 1, p. 196; Mālikī, " Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 200_203; Sanjārī, "Manāʾih al-Karam", vol. 1, p. 307; Ibn Zahīra,Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf, p. 47.
  6. Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, "Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah", p. 178; Jaʿfariyān,Āthār-i islāmi-yi Makka wa Madīna, p. 97.
  7. Khomeinī, "Manāsk Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd", p. 436.

References

  • Fāsī, Taqī al-Dīn Muḥammad. Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi-Aḵbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām. Edited by a committee of prominent scholars and literati. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyyah, n.d.
  • Ibn Zahīra, Muḥammad Jārullāh. Al-Jāmiʿ al-laṭīf fī faḍl-i Makka wa ahluhā wa bināʾ al-Bayt al-Sharīf. Edited by ʿAlī ʿUmar. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa al-Dīnīyya, 1423 AH.
  • Jafarīān, Rasūl. *Āthār Islāmī Makkah wa Madīnah*. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1389 AH.
  • Khomeinī, Rūḥ Allāh. Manāsk-i Ḥajj Motābaq ba Fatwā-ye Imām Khomeinī ba Ḥawāshī Marājiʿ Taqlīd wa Istiftāʾāt Jadīd. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1409 AH.
  • Majlisī, Muḥammad Bāqir al-. Mir'āt al-'uqūl. Edited by Rasūlī Maḥallātī. Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmiyya, 1404 AH.
  • Mālikī, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Taḥṣīl al-Marām fī Aḵbār al-Bayt al-Ḥarām. Makkah: Maktabat al-Asadī, 1424 AH.
  • Naʿmatī, Muḥammad Rezā. "Pazhuheshī dar bāray Multazam". Majallah Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 43, Farvardīn 1382 SH.
  • Qāʾidān, Aṣghar. Tārīkh wa Āthār Islāmī Makkah Mukarramah wa Madīnah Munawwarah. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1400 AH.
  • Ṣafāʾī Farūshānī, Niʿmat Allāh. Makkah dar Bistar-i Tārīkh. Qom: Markaz Jahanī ʿUlūm Islāmī, 1386 AH.
  • Sanjārī, ʿAlī b. Tāj al-Dīn. Manāʾih al-Karam. Makkah: Jāmiʿah Umm al-Qurā, 1419 AH.
  • Ṭabāṭabāʾī Tabrīzī, Muḥammad Rezā. Hidāyat al-Ḥujjāj: Safar-Nāmah-i Makkah. Compiled by Rasūl Jafarīān. Qom: Nashr-i Mūrikh, 1386 AH.