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In the fifth century, Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH/1065-6) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage.<ref> Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa'', vol. 3, p. 125.</ref>
In the fifth century, Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH/1065-6) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage.<ref> Bayhaqī, ''Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa'', vol. 3, p. 125.</ref>


In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove.<ref>Ibn Jubayr,  ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 148.</ref>
In the sixth century, [[Ibn Jubayr]] observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove.<ref>Ibn Jubayr,  ''Riḥla Ibn Jubayr'', p. 148.</ref>
Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH/1289-90, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque.<ref>ʿAbdarī,  ''Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī'', p. 346-347.</ref>
Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH/1289-90, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque.<ref>ʿAbdarī,  ''Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī'', p. 346-347.</ref>
Several centuries later, in the year 1110AH/1698-9 , Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi(d. 1170AH/1756-7) reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery.<ref>Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354</ref> In 1179AH/1765-6, Warthilani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall.<ref>Warthīlānī,  ''Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya'', vol. 1, p. 419.</ref>
Several centuries later, in the year 1110AH/1698-9 , [[Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi]](d. 1170AH/1756-7) reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery.<ref>Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354</ref> In 1179AH/1765-6, Warthilani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall.<ref>Warthīlānī,  ''Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya'', vol. 1, p. 419.</ref>
Other reports do not provide significantly different information.<ref>Burckhardt, ''Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya'', vol. 2, p. 193-195; Hājib al-Dawla, ''Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana'', p. 97.</ref>
Other reports do not provide significantly different information.<ref>Burckhardt, ''Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya'', vol. 2, p. 193-195; Hājib al-Dawla, ''Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana'', p. 97.</ref>


Revision as of 09:43, 26 February 2024

Badr Martyrs Cemetery is the Badr battlefield where, according to historical traditions, the martyrs of Badr are buried there. Badr is located near the city of Medina in Saudi Arabia.The cemetery of the Badr martyrs, according to historical travelogues, was an area adjacent to the Arish Mosque. Today, there is still a cemetery with a wall in the city of Badr, recognized as the burial place of the martyrs of Badr."

The Battle of Badr

The Battle of Badr was the first military expedition led by the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in a region of the same name, occurring in the year 2 AH/624. At that time, Badr was a gathering place for the Arabs, hosting an annual market for eight days starting from the beginning of the month of Dhu al-Qa'dah.[1]"The Battle of Badr, which lasted half a day, concluded with the killing of seventy and the capture of the same number of polytheists. Only fourteen Muslims, consisting of six migrants and eight supporters, achieved martyrdom in this battle.[2]

Martyrs of Badr

Most historians have identified the martyrs of Badr as fourteen individuals. These fourteen include the following individuals:[3]

Martyrs of Badr from the immigrants

1. Ubaidah bin Harith 2. Umayr bin Abi Waqqas 3. Umayr bin Abd Amr bin Nudlah Khazai 4. Aqil bin Bukayr 5. Mihja' Ghulam of Umar bin Khattab 6. Safwan bin Bayda

Martyrs of Badr from the Ansar

1. Sa'd bin Khuthaimah 2. Mubashir bin Abdul-Mundhir bin Zunbur 3. Yazid bin Harith bin Fushum 4. Umayr bin Humam 5. Rafi bin Mu'awi 6. Harithah bin Suraqah bin Harith 7. Awf bin Harith bin Rufa'ah 8. Mu'adh bin Harith bin Rufa'ah."

The city of Badr

Today, the region of Badr, also known as Badr Hunayn, has transformed into a city located 153 kilometers from Medina and 310 kilometers from Mecca. Its population in the year 1425 AH/2004-5 was over 33,000 people, and considering the population of its suburbs, it exceeded 58,000 people.[4]

Historical reports about the Badr Cemetery

One of the oldest known reports about the Badr Cemetery dates back to Waqidi (d. 207 AH/822-3).[5] According to Waqidi's report, the burial places of the martyrs were at some distance from each other.[6] In the fifth century, Bayhaqi (d. 458 AH/1065-6) visited this cemetery as a place of pilgrimage.[7]

In the sixth century, Ibn Jubayr observed the burial place of the martyrs of Badr in the year 578 AH. According to him, on that day, the battlefield of Badr had been transformed into a date palm grove, and the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr was located behind that date palm grove.[8] Approximately a century later, in the year 688 AH/1289-90, Abdari visited Badr and reported a large cemetery where the graves of the martyrs of Badr were located, west of the Arish Mosque.[9] Several centuries later, in the year 1110AH/1698-9 , Muhammad Taqi Sharifi Fasi(d. 1170AH/1756-7) reported about the location of the graves of the martyrs of Badr, surrounded by a short wall. He also mentioned a sanctuary attached to the cemetery.[10] In 1179AH/1765-6, Warthilani reported on the cemetery and the surrounding wall.[11] Other reports do not provide significantly different information.[12]

The current status of Badr Martyrs Cemetery

Mohammad Ali Najafi, who visited the city of Badr between 1354-1357 SH (1975-1979), writes about the graves of the martyrs of Badr: 'During a period of pilgrimage and research in this area, I observed that the graves of the martyrs are situated among the general cemetery of Badr. Similar to all cemeteries in Saudi Arabia, they are flat, nameless, and unmarked. Only a short wall covered with white cement, fenced with iron rods, separates these graves from other tombs, giving them distinction.[13] The images available today of the cemetery of the martyrs of Badr depict a large graveyard surrounded by a white wall, with the graves marked by specific stones.[14]

Gallary

Notes

  1. ↑ Wāqidī, Al-Maghāzī, vol. 1, p. 384; Najafī, Madīna shināsī, vol. 2, p. 28.
  2. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā, vol. 2, p. 12; Wāqidī, Al-Maghāzī, vol. 1, p. 145-152.
  3. ↑ Zāhidī Muqaddam, Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān, p. 91.
  4. ↑ Zāhidī Muqaddam, Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān, p. 17.
  5. ↑ Zāhidī Muqaddam, Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān, p. 110.
  6. ↑ Wāqidī, Al-Maghāzī, vol. 1, p. 147.
  7. ↑ Bayhaqī, Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa, vol. 3, p. 125.
  8. ↑ Ibn Jubayr, Riḥla Ibn Jubayr, p. 148.
  9. ↑ ʿAbdarī, Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī, p. 346-347.
  10. ↑ Sharifi Fasi's travelogue, p. 354
  11. ↑ Warthīlānī, Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya, vol. 1, p. 419.
  12. ↑ Burckhardt, Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya, vol. 2, p. 193-195; Hājib al-Dawla, Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana, p. 97.
  13. ↑ Najafī, Madīna shināsī, vol. 2, p. 172.
  14. ↑ Images of Badr Martyrs graveyard

References

Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭā. Beirut: Dar al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya,1410AH-1990. • Ibn Jubayr, Muḥammad b. Aḥmad. Riḥla Ibn Jubayr. Beirut: Dār al-Maktaba al-Hilāl, 1986. • Warthīlānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad. Al-Riḥla al- Warthīlānīyya. Cairo: Maktabat al-Thaqāfa, 1429 AH. Wāqidī, Muḥammad b. ʿUmar al-. Al-Maghāzī. Edited by Marsden Jones. Beirut: Muʾassisa al-Aʿlām, 1409 AH.

Bayhaqī, Aḥmad b. al-Ḥusayn al-. Dalāʾil al-nubuwwa wa maʿrifat aḥwāl ṣāḥib al-sharīʿa. Edited by ʿAbd al-Muʿṭī al-Qalʿajī. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1405 AH. • Burckhardt, John Lewis. Tarḥāl fī al-jazīra al-ʿarabīyya (Travels in Arabia). Cairo: Al-Markaz al-Raqūmī li-l-Tarjuma, 2007. • ʿAbdarī, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad. Riḥla al- ʿAbdarī. Damascus: Dār al- Saʿd al-Din, 1426 AH. • Zāhidī Muqaddam, Muḥammad. Qazwi-yi badr, shuhadā wa mazārāt-i ān. Tehran: Hajj and Pilgrimage Research Institute, 1401 sh.

• Najafī, Sayyid Muḥammad Bāqir. Madīna shināsī. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1387 sh. • Hājib al-Dawla, ʿAlī b. Ḥusayn. Safarnāma Hāj ʿAlīkhān Iʿtimād al-salṭana. . Tehran: Mashʿar, 1379 sh.

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