Al-Suqya Mosque: Difference between revisions

  | title = Al-Suqya Mosque

  | other names = Al-Ru'us Mosque

  | place = [[Medina]], inside the area of al-'Anbariyya train station

  | events = Prayer of the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]] when he was going to [[Badr]]

  | time of reconstruction = 2001-2003  

'''Al-Suqya Mosque''' (Arabic: {{ia|مسجد السقیا}}) is one of the mosques in [[Medina]], which is located in the southeast part of Medina railway station, in al-'Anbariyya neighborhood. This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region near al-Suqya well. On the way to [[Battle of Badr]], the Prophet saw his army in Suqya, did his prayer, prayed for the people of [[Medina]], and drank water from the well of al-Suqya.

Al-Suqya Mosque is located inside the fence of al-'Anbariyya railway station and in its southeast. The well of al-Suqya is located in the south of that mosque, and Tariq Makka Street separates the two (the well and the mosque).<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Currently, al-Suqya Mosque is inside the railway station.<ref>Jaʿfarīyān, ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', p. 367.</ref>

==Name==

This mosque is called al-Suqya; because it is located in the al-Suqya region and near al-Suqya well.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 102.</ref>

===Qubbat al-Ru'us===

From the 11th/16th century onwards, this mosque was also known as the Qubbat al-Ru'us.<ref>Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> According to 'Ali Hafiz, it was called Qubbat al-Ru'us because Ottoman Turks used to cut off the heads of desert bandits and put them there.<ref>Ḥāfiẓ, ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 146; Anṣārī, ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 136.</ref> Al-'Ayyashi, the historian of [[Medina]], believes that this name has a bad effect and is not worthy of this mosque.<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir'', p. 192.</ref>

==The Prophet(a) in al-Suqya==

On the way from Medina to the [[Battle of Badr]], the [[Prophet Muhammad(a)]] stopped in al-Suqya and did prayer and prayed: just as God blessed the people of [[Mecca]] after the prayer of the [[Prophet Abraham]](a), may He also bless the people of [[Medina]].<ref>Tirmidhī, ''al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ'', vol. 5, p. 528.</ref> It is said that the Prophet saw his army in this place.<ref>Numayrī, ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', vol 1., p. 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet(a) drank water from the al-Suqya well on his way to Badr.<ref>Ibn Saʿd, ''al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', vol. 1, p. 504.</ref>

==History==

Ibn Shabba considers this mosque one of the mosques where the Prophet(a) has prayed.<ref>Numayrī, ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara'', vol. 1, p. 72.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]] built this mosque at the place of the Prophet's prayer. According to the words of al-Samhudi, quoting Abu 'Abd Allah al-Asadi, one of the historians of the first centuries, this mosque was famous as one of the historical mosques of [[Medina]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 198.</ref>

===Al-Samhudi's Report===

At the time of al-Samhudi, this mosque was destroyed. He went to the place of the mosque and saw a big building stone, he ordered to dig there. After the exploration, the mihrab and the four corners of the al-Suqya Mosque appeared. Based on the decorations and carvings of the stones that were discovered, al-Samhoudi believed that this building was built during the time of [['Umar b. 'Abd al-'Aziz]].<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> According to al-Samhudi's report, al-Suqya Mosque in his time, was rebuilt on its original foundations, which is a square with an area of about seven cubits by seven cubits.<ref>Samhūdī, ''Wafāʾ al-wafā'', vol. 3, p. 200.</ref> Ahmad al-'Abbasi's report in the 11th/17th century also confirms the area of this mosque.<ref>ʿAbbāsī, ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār'', p. 189.</ref>

According to a report from 1073/1662-3 this mosque is located on the left side of the road leading to [[Medina]] from [['Aqiq]] route, in the western [[harra]].<ref>ʿAyyāshī, ''al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya'', vol. 1, p. 395.</ref>

===Yasin al-Khayari's opinion===

Scholars of the first and middle centuries agree that the al-Suqya Mosque is a historical mosque inside the railway station today. Yasin Al-Khayari a contemporary historian of [[Medina]], said that the ruined building that was located next to the al-Suqya well in his time and was destroyed for the development of the road, is the al-Suqya Mosque.<ref>Khayārī, ''Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara'', p. 149.</ref> This dilapidated building is visible in the picture he gave in his book. Muhammad 'Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, has proved the famous opinion and rejected the opinion of al-Khayari providing several reasons.<ref>ʿAbd al-Ghanī, ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya'', p. 102-106.</ref>

==Description==

Al-Shanqiti describes the al-Suqya Mosque as follows, inside the buildings of the railway station, from the south, the al-Suqya Mosque can be seen, which has triple domes. The middle dome is bigger.<ref>Shanqīṭī, ''al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl(s)'', p. 237.</ref>

 

Its mihrab is on the [[Qibla]] wall. In half of the north, east, and west walls of the building, arched and crescent-shaped windows are installed. The walls are covered with white plaster.<ref>Ṣāliḥ Lumaʿī, ''al-Madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā l-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī'', p. 209-210.</ref>

file:مسجد سقیا قرن18.jpg|The old picture of Suqya Mosque from the 80s.

file:مسجد سقيا  قرن 18 (2.jpg|The old picture of Suqya Mosque from the 80s.

file:مسجد سقيا 7.jpg|The picture of the destroyed building, attributed to the Suqya Mosque in the book Tarikh ma'alimal-madina al-munawwara, p. 149.

file:مسجد سقيا  3.jpg|The picture of Suqya Mosque after Rebuilding.

file:مسجد سقيا 5.jpg|The picture of the mihrab of Suqya Mosque.

* ʿAbbāsī, Aḥmad b. ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. ''ʿUmdat al-akhbār''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, [n.d].

* ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Muḥammad Ilyās. ''Al-Masājid al-atharīyya fī l- Madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: [n.p], 2000.

* Anṣārī, ʿAbd al-Quddūs al-. ''Āthār al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Medina: Maktabat al-Salafīyya, 1973.

* ʿAyyāshī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-. ''Al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshīyya''. Abu Dhabi: Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006.

* ʿAyyāshī, Ibrāhīm al-. ''Al-Madīna al-munawwara bayn al-māḍī wa l-ḥāḍir''. Medina: al-Maktab al-ʿIlmīyya, 1972.

* Ḥāfiẓ, ʿAlī. ''Fuṣūl min tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Jeddah: Shirka al-Madīna al-Munawwara, 1417AH.

* Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Manīʿ al-Ḥāshimī al-Baṣrī. ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAbd al-Qādir ʿAṭāʾ. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410/1990.

* Jaʿfarīyān, Rasūl. ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna''. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1382Sh.

* Khayārī, Sayyid Aḥmad Yāsīn al-. ''Tārīkh maʿālim al-Madīna al-munawwara qadīman wa ḥadīthan''. Riyadh: al-Amāna al-ʿĀmma li-l-iḥtifāl miʾat ʿām ʿalā l-taʾsīs al-mamlakat al- ʿArabīyya al-Suʿūdīyya, 1419/1999.

* Numayrī, Ibn Shabbah al-. ''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-munawwara''. Edited by Fahīm Muḥammad Shaltūt. Tehran: Mashʿar, 1380Sh.

* Ṣāliḥ Lumaʿī, Muṣṭafā. ''Al-Madīna al-munawwara taṭawwurihā l-ʿumrānī wa turāthiha al-miʿmārī''. Beirut: Dār al-Nihḍa al-ʿArabīyya, 1981.

* Samhūdī, ʿAlī b. ʿAbd Allāh al-. ''Wafāʾ al-wafā bi-akhbār dar al-Muṣṭafā''. Edited by Muḥammad Muḥyi l-Dīn ʿAbd al-Ḥamīd. Beirut: 1984.

* Shanqīṭī, Muḥammad al-Amīn al-. ''Al-Durr al-thamīna fī maʿālim dār al-Rasūl(s)''. Beirut: Muʾassisat ʿUlūm al-Qurʾān, 1411AH.

* Tirmidhī, Muḥammad b. ʿĪsā al-. ''Al-Jāmiʿ al-ṣaḥīḥ''. Cairo: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1419AH.