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[[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi]] was the first mosque the Prophet (a) built in Medina. The mosque is the most important after [[al-Masjid al-Haram]]. The Prophet (s) has attributed the mosque to himself so it is called al-Masjid al-Nabawi [mosque of the Prophet (s)]. The mosque has seen multiple expansions and its area now reach 98500 square meters.
Important historical and spiritual places are located in al-Masjid al-Nabawi, including al-Rawda, minbar and mihrab of the Prophet (s), and the most important of all is his (s) tomb.
==Importance==
In [[Medina]], the first enterprise of [[God's Messenger]] was the erection of a mosque. Before this, a mosque had been built by him and his noble companions in [[Quba]] as well. Such an achievement indicates the important role of mosque in [[Islam]]. The most honorable mosque after [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] in rank is the Mosque of the Prophet (s) that is located in Medina. About saying prayer in this mosque, the Prophet of God (s) says: "For God, a prayer in my mosque equals ten thousands prayers in the other mosques, except al-Masjid al-Haram where a prayer equals one hundred thousand prayers."
In [[Medina]], the first enterprise of [[God's Messenger]] was the erection of a mosque. Before this, a mosque had been built by him and his noble companions in [[Quba]] as well. Such an achievement indicates the important role of mosque in [[Islam]]. The most honorable mosque after [[al-Masjid al-Haram]] in rank is the Mosque of the Prophet (s) that is located in Medina. About saying prayer in this mosque, the Prophet of God (s) says: "For God, a prayer in my mosque equals ten thousands prayers in the other mosques, except al-Masjid al-Haram where a prayer equals one hundred thousand prayers."


==Construction==
==Construction==
The land of al-Masjid al-Nabawi belonged to two orphans and was used for drying dates. The Prophet (s) bought it for 10 dinars from the custodian of the orphans and built the mosque there. The courtyard of the mosque was covered by black pebble and the walls were made of bricks and mud. The holy Prophet (s) personally participated in the construction of the mosque.
A part of the mosque's roof was covered by leaves and branches of date palm, and it's tree trunks were used as its pillars. The mosque had three doors on east, west, and south. The first [[Qibla]] of Muslims was [[al-Masjid al–Aqsa']] that was later changed to [[Ka'ba]].
Most historians believe the initial area of the mosque had approximately been 1060 square meters, i.e. 35 meters length and 37.5 meters width. But after the Prophet (s) returned from the [[Battle of Khaybar]] in 628 CE, the mosque area was increased because of the increase in the number of Muslims and each of its length and width was enlarged nearly 50 meters and its area came up to 2475 square meters and consequently, the mosque turns into a square in shape.
Most historians believe the initial area of the mosque had approximately been 1060 square meters, i.e. 35 meters length and 37.5 meters width. But after the Prophet (s) returned from the [[Battle of Khaybar]] in 628 CE, the mosque area was increased because of the increase in the number of Muslims and each of its length and width was enlarged nearly 50 meters and its area came up to 2475 square meters and consequently, the mosque turns into a square in shape.


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[[File:Mihrab al-tahajjud.jpg|200px|thumb|Wahhabis have hidden mihrab al-tahajjud by the protruding book shelf in the center of image. The adjacent pillar is pillar of asceticism]]
[[File:Mihrab al-tahajjud.jpg|200px|thumb|Wahhabis have hidden mihrab al-tahajjud by the protruding book shelf in the center of image. The adjacent pillar is pillar of asceticism]]
====Pillar of Asceticism====
====Pillar of Asceticism====
It is narrated when people left the mosque to their home at night, God's messenger (s) spread a mat beside this pillar and said the night prayer and proceed with asceticism and for this reason it is known through this name.
It is narrated when people left the mosque to their home at night, God's messenger (s) spread a mat beside this pillar and said the night prayer and proceed with asceticism and for this reason it is known through this name.


====Pillar of the Square of the Tomb====
====Pillar of Site of Gabriel====
This pillar that is also called the site of Gabriel is beside the northern side of the pure frame where the door of Fatima's house was being opened and this is the same door that according to Ibn Abbas's narration, God's messenger stood beside this door five times a day –at the time of five imperative prayers- for nine months and said: "peace be upon you, may God bless you and grant you his abundance. Indeed, God determines that the impurity withdraws from you –the Prophet's (s) household- and He cleanses you thoroughly."
This pillar that is also called Murbi'at al-Qabr ({{ia|مربعة القبر}}) is beside the northern side of the pure frame where the door of Fatima's house was being opened and this is the same door that according to Ibn Abbas's narration, God's messenger stood beside five times a day –at the time of five imperative prayers- for nine months and said: "peace be upon you, may God bless you and grant you his abundance. 'Indeed, God determines that the impurity withdraws from you –the Prophet's (s) household- and He cleanses you thoroughly.' (Quran 33:33)"
 
====Al-Mukhallaqa Pillar ====
This pillar is beside the mihrab. At first, the Prophet (s) put his back on the trunk of a date tree and lectured. It was written when the pulpit was built for him, this trunk wailed similar to the female camel that is separated from her baby, therefore, this pillar is called the wailing one ({{ia|حَنَّانة}}). The pillar was erected in the same place of the date tree. It is called al-Mukhallaqa ({{ia|المخلقة}}) because perfume was put on it.
 
===Suffa===
Suffa is the name of the place outside of the mosque where a group of homeless emigrant Muslims inhabited during the first years of their emigration from Mecca to Medina, they were named Aṣḥāb al-Ṣuffa (people of Suffa). The place devoted to them was approximately 96 square meters and roofed and it was located between the door of Gabriel and the door of Women. Now the place is located inside the mosque. Individuals such as Bilal, Abu Dharr, Miqdad, Hudhayfa were among the Suffa inhabitants.
 
It is transmitted in the history as: “before Qibla was changed from Bayt al-Maqdis to Ka'ba, the mihrab of the Prophet (s) was in the north of the mosque. After the change of Qibla, this part of the mosque was roofed by the order of holy Prophet (s) as a place for homeless emigrants to rest and live in, which was included within the Mosque area during development activities in the seventh year after Hijra”.
 
What is known today as Suffah was previously called as Dakkat al-Aghawat. It was constructed in 1173 CE following the order of Nur al-Din al-Zangi as a place for Haram custodians who were responsible for guarding and serving in Haram.


8. The Pillar of Khaluq-perfumed
===Houses of the Wives of the Holy Prophet (s)===
The houses for wives of the holy Prophet (s) which were in the form of hujra (chambers) were located in north, south and east of the mosque. After the demise of holy Prophet (s), he was interred in Aisha's chamber beside the mosque.


At first, the Prophet of God (s) put his back on the trunk of a date tree and lectured. It was written when the pulpit was built for him, this tree wailed similar to the female camel that is separated from her baby, therefore, this pillar is called the wailing one. The Khaluq-perfumed pillar was erected in the same place of the date tree. It is called the Khaluq- perfumed pillar because it was perfumed with Khaluq.
===Site of Gabriel===
Soffeh
This place was known as the site of Gabriel because this divine intimate angle came to the Prophet (s) through this door and met him. This place is located within the noble chamber, so it is inaccessible.
Soffeh is the name of the place where a group of homeless immigrant Muslims inhabited during the first years of their immigration from Mecca to Medina. The place devoted to them was approximately 96 square meters and roofed and it was located between the door of Gabriel and the door of Women.
 
The Mosque of the Prophet (s) 21
===First Doors of the Mosque===
Individuals such as Belal, Abuzar, Meqdad, Hozayfeh and… are among the Soffeh inhabitants.
====Mercy Door (Bab al-Rahma)====
The Site of Gabriel:
This door is in the western wall of the mosque. The appellation of this door as "Mercy" is derived from a saying of the Prophet (s) that asked God to rain according to the request of someone who entered through this door and then he asked him to stop raining after seven days according to the same person's request. It is also called the door of 'Atika.
This place was known as the Site of Gabriel because this divine intimate angle came to the Prophet of God (s) through this door and meet him. This place is located within the noble chamber, so it is inaccessible.
 
The First Doors of the Mosque:
====Door of Gabriel ====
1. The Door of Mercy :
This door was the entrance of the Prophet (s) and it is in the eastern wall of the mosque. It is narrated that the Prophet (s) met Gabriel in the entrance of this door; therefore, it is called the door of Gabriel.
This door is in the western wall of the mosque. The appellation of this door as " Mercy " is derived from a saying of the Prophet (s) that asked God to rain according to the request of someone who entered through this door and then he asked Him to stop raining after seven days according to the same person's
 
22 The Mosque of the Prophet (s)
====Peace Door (Bab al-Salam)====
request. It is also called the door of "Atekeh".
2. The Door of Gabriel :
This door was the entrance of the Prophet (s) (s) and it is in the eastern wall of the mosque. It is narrated that the Prophet (s) (s) met Gabriel in the entrance of this door; therefore, it is called the door of Gabriel.
3. The Door of Mercy :
This door is also located in the western wall of the mosque and it has existed since the time of the first construction of the mosque.
This door is also located in the western wall of the mosque and it has existed since the time of the first construction of the mosque.
4. The Door of Women :
 
One of the important doors that was built in the mosque development in the second governor's time is the door of Women. It is also known as the same name now. The door was devoted to the women's coming and going to the mosque. In the successive developments, many
====Door of Women====
The Mosque of the Prophet (s) 23
One of the important doors that was built in the mosque development in the second caliph's time is the door of Women. It is also known as the same name now. The door was devoted to the women's coming and going to the mosque. In the successive developments, many new doors have been added to the mosque.
new doors have been added to the mosque.
 
The Towers of the Mosque
===Minarets===
When Valid developed the mosque, he built four towers in the four corners of the mosque. With the passage of time, the bigger and firmer towers substituted for the old ones and new towers were also built for the mosque.
When al-Walid developed the mosque, he built four minarets in the four corners of the mosque. Later, bigger and firmer minarets substituted the old ones and new minarets were also built for the mosque.
The four main towers include: the tower of Soleymanieh and the tower of Majidieh that are located at both sides of the northern line and the towers of Qaitibai and Babosalam are located at both sides of the southern line. At present, other towers are also added to the mosque and their number reaches ten.
 
The Pilgrimage of the Prophet (s):
The four main minarets are Sulaymaniyya minaret and Majidiya minaret that are located at both sides of the northern wall and Qaitibay and Bab al-Salam minarets are located at both sides of the southern wall. At present, other towers are also added to the mosque and their number reaches ten.
When you enter the Prophet's City, after pilgrimage cleansing and leading the prayer of entrance permission, enter through the door of Gabriel, and your first step should be with the right foot, then repeat " God is indeed superior
 
24 The Mosque of the Prophet (s)
==Ziyara==
than what can be described " one hundred times. Then say a two- part prayer for the salutation of the mosque and move toward the noble chamber and stand up there and say:" peace be upon you, thou the Prophet (s), peace be upon you, thou God's messenger, peace be upon you, thou Mohammad-Ibn-Abdullah, peace be upon you, thou the last of prophets, I witness that you indeed propagated your prophecy, and said prayer and gave alms, and advised to do virtuous deeds, and prevented from vicious deeds, and worshiped God purely until you reached certainly, so may God bless you and your pure, chaste descendants."
When you enter Medina, after ziyara ghusl (ghusl before visiting holy shrines) and saying the prayer of entrance permission, enter through the door of Gabriel, and your first step should be with the right foot, then repeat takbir one hundred times. Then say a two-rak'a prayer for salutation of the mosque and move toward the noble chamber and stand up there and say:
Then stand toward Ka'aba in such a way that your left shoulder is located toward the Prophet's tomb and your right shoulder toward the pulpit and say:
 
" I witness indeed there is no god except Allah who is alone, there is no partner for Him, and I witness Mohammad is indeed His worshiper and messenger, and I witness you are
:"Peace be upon you, O the Prophet (s), peace be upon you, O God's messenger, peace be upon you, O Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, peace be upon you, O the last of the prophets, I testify that you indeed propagated your message, and said prayer and gave alms, and advised to do virtuous deeds, and prevented from vicious deeds, and worshiped God purely until you demised, so may God bless you and your pure, chaste descendants."
The Mosque of the Prophet (s) 25
 
indeed God's messenger, and you are indeed Mohammad-Ibn-Abdullah, and I witness you has indeed propagated your God's messages and advised your followers, and endeavored in God's path, and worshiped God until you reached certainty through erudition, friendly advice,and assisted the truth that you undertook and you have indeed been kind with believers and you have been angry with unbelievers, then God sent you the best nobility of the noble's position, praise belongs to God who saved us from disbelief and deviation, then, thou God, send your salutation and your confidant angles greeting and your intimate prophets, and your virtuous worshipers, and welcome of all the inhabitants of heavens and earth and of everyone who praise you from the first person to the last, thou the Lord of all Being to Mohammad, your worshiper and messenger and prophet and confidential and savior and beloved and intimate friend and the selected
Then stand toward Ka'ba in such a way that your left shoulder is located toward the Prophet's (s) tomb and your right shoulder toward the pulpit and say:  
26 The Mosque of the Prophet (s)
 
person and the honest individual and the best among your creatures, thou God, bestow him a high degree, grant him paradise and offer him such a deserving rank that all the creatures from the first to the last covet him, thou God, you indeed said : "and indeed if they come to you when they do injustice about themselves, then they beg God to forgive them and beg the Prophet (s) to ask God their forgiveness, they certainly find out that God is indeed forgiving and merciful ",and I indeed come to you while I am repentant and I beg you forgive my evils and I indeed resort to God –my Lord and your Lord – through you in order to He forgives my evils. "
:"I testify indeed there is no god except Allah who is alone without any partner for Him, and I testify that Muhammad (s) is indeed His servant and messenger, and I testify you are indeed God's messenger, and you are indeed Muhammad b. 'Abd Allah, and I testify you have indeed propagated messages of your Lord, and advised your followers, and endeavored in God's path, and worshiped God until death came upon you, with wisdom and fair exhortation, fulfilled the duty that was incumbent upon you, acted compassionately to the believers, and been firm of heart against the unbelievers. Therefore, Almighty Allah has exalted you to the most honorable position of the ennobled ones. All praise be to Allah Who has saved us, through you, from polytheism and error. O Allah, pour Your blessings and the blessings of Your archangels, Your commissioned Prophets, Your righteous servants, the inhabitants of the heavens and the earth, and all those who glorified You, O Lord of the Worlds, from the past and the coming generations, on Muhammad —Your servant, Your messenger, Your prophet, Your trustee, Your confidant, Your most beloved, Your choice, Your select, Your elite, and the best of Your creation. O Allah, confer upon him with the elevated rank, grant him the right of intercession for entering Paradise, and raise him to a position of glory that all the past and the coming generations will wish to have. O Allah, You have said, "and had they, when they were unjust to themselves, come to you and asked forgiveness of Allah, and the Messenger had (also) asked forgiveness for them, they would have found Allah Oft-returning (to mercy), Merciful." Here I am, before you, asking forgiveness, repenting from my sins, and seeking your intercession for me before Allah—your and my Lord—that He may forgive my sins."
And beg your wishes. There is hope that they are offered –if Great God determines. Then say the specific salutations to the Prophet (s):
 
"Thou God, peace be upon Mohammad who carried your inspiration and
And beg your wishes. There is hope that they are offered –if Great God determines.
The Mosque of the Prophet (s) 27
 
propagated your messages, peace be upon Mohammad who permitted your permitted deeds and prevented your prevented deeds and taught your Book, and peace be upon Mohammad who said prayer and gave alms and invited people to your religion, and peace be upon Mohammad who performed his contract and warned against your threats, and peace be upon Mohammad through whom you forgive evils and hide weaknesses, and you remove sorrows, and peace be upon Mohammad through whom you take away miseries, and you clear sadness, and you fulfill wishes and you save from adversity and peace be upon Mohammad through whom you sympathize your worshipers, and you develop cities, and you defeat the conceited, and you destroy cruel kings, and peace be upon Mohammad through whom you weaken properties, and you shelter from fears, and you break idols, and you sympathize creatures, and peace be upon Mohammad through
==References==
28 The Mosque of the Prophet (s)
{{ref}}
whom you send the best religion, and you endear belief, and you avoid idols and you grace Bayt-Al-Haram and peace be upon Mohammad and his pure and righteous descendants and bless them thoroughly. "
* Makkah and Madinah: The Cities of Bounties & Blessings, Hajj and Ziarah Research Center
* The Prophet's Mosque, Hajj and Ziarah Research Center
{{end}}
 
[[fa:مسجد النبی]]
[[Category:Medina]]
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