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Fakh

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Fakh is an area in the north of Mecca, near al-tanʾim mosque, about four kilometers from Masjid al-Haram. According to Shia jurists, this place is the location where children enter into ihram. The cemetery of the martyrs of Fakh is also located here. This cemetery is the burial site of Husayn b. Ali (known as Sahib al-Fakh) and a number of Hasanid nobles who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH/786 at Fakh. According to historians, the graves of some companions of the Prophet — including Abdullah ibn Umar b. al-Khattab — were also located in this area but were demolished during the Saudi period. According to some narrations, the Prophet prayed in this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his descendants, and wept in mourning for him.

Fakh
General Information
PlaceSaudi Arabia, Mecca
UsageMiqat for childs
History
EventsThe place where the martyrs of fakh were martyred in 169 AH/736

Directions

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Virtue and Importance

According to a narration, prophet muhammad (s), when traveling from Medina to Mecca, performed ghusl in Fakh— which was six miles from Mecca at that time [and is now considered part of the city]— before entering Mecca.[1] According to another narration, the Prophet (s) stood in prayer at this place and wept during the prayer. The Prophet stated that the reason for his weeping was the martyrdom of one of his descendants in this location.[2]

Additionally, Imam al-Sadiq (a), while passing through this place, foretold the martyrdom of one of his family members in this location.[3]

Shaykh Tusi, in his book Rijal, has considered Sahib al-Fakh to be among the companions of Imam al-Sadiq (a).[4] It has been narrated that Imam al-Kazim (a) honored and praised the martyr of Fakh.[5]

Location

Fakh, or Wādī Zāhir (Zahir Valle)[6]

It is the name of an area in the north of Mecca, near Al-Tan'im Mosque. This place is located 4 kilometers from Masjid al-Ḥarām. Today, this place is referred to as “Ḥayyu al-Shuhadā’” (the Neighborhood of the Martyrs).

The Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh

 
Image of a part of the fakh cemetery.

In the Fakh area, there is a mountain at the foot of which lies a cemetery known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh.[7] The martyrs of Fakh were a group of sadat Hasani (descendants of Imam Hasan) who were martyred in the battle against the Abbasids in the year 169 AH/786 at this place. According to the latest contemporary sources, this cemetery is relatively spacious but has been divided into three sections due to the road.[8] Part of it is about two meters above street level, and the main section is enclosed by a courtyard wall with a gate that is always closed. It is said that the grave of Husayn ibn ʿAlī (the martyr of Fakh) is located within this walled enclosure.[9] According to some reports from the year 1391 SH (2012-2013 CE), the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh was destroyed and turned into a garbage dump.[10]

The Martyr of Fakh

Husayn ibn ʿAli b. Hasan al-Muthallath b. Hasan al-Muthanna, son of Imam Hasan al-Mujtaba (a), known as Sahib al-Fakh[11] He was the leader of a revolt against the Abbasid government, which is referred to as the Incident of Fakh or the Uprising of Fakh.[12]

Sahib al-Fakh was martyred on the 8th of Dhul-Hijjah in the year 169 AH/11 june 786 (Yawm al-Tarwiyah) in the Fakh region during the battle against the army of Hadi al-Abbasi (reigned 169–170 AH/786-787.), along with most of his soldiers, including about 100 of the Hasanid descendants.[13] According to al-Hamawi, a 7th-century AH historian, the bodies of the martyrs, after remaining on the ground for three days and being preyed upon by wild animals, were buried in the place now known as the Cemetery of the Martyrs of Fakh[14] The Martyr of Fakh, or Sahib al-Fakh, began his uprising from Medina.[15] After taking control of the city, due to the approaching Hajj season, he moved toward Mecca with 300 of his companions and close followers. But upon reaching the Fakh region, he confronted the Abbasid army, commanded by ʿAbbas b. Muḥammad (a descendant of ʿAbdullāh b.ʿAbbas), and in this battle all of his army were martyred, with only a few captured. Some of his relatives, including his uncle Idris b. ʿAbdullah, managed to escape Idris fled to the Maghreb and established the Idrisid dynasty there.[16]

Other Graves

It is said that ʿAbdullah b.ʿUmar b. al-Khattab[17] and a number of the companions of the Prophet are also buried in the Fakh region.[18] There is also a report of the burial of ʿAbdullah b. Zubayr in Fakh[19]

Miqāt for Children

According to Shia jurists, based on narrations, Fakh is considered the miqat for children[20] In a narration, Imam Jaʿfar al-Sadiq (a), in response to the question of where the sewn garments of children could be removed [and where they could be made to enter ihram], said: “My father, Imam Muhammad al-Baqir (a), would remove the children’s garments at Fakh and make them enter ihram.”[21] Some jurists believe that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihram at one of the five designated miqats on their behalf—by intending on their behalf and reciting the Talbiyah—but the act of removing the child’s garments and putting on the ihram can be delayed until reaching Fakh.[22]

Most Shia jurists believe that the actual ihram for children can be performed from Fakh, serving as their designated miqat.[23] Of course, this applies to cases other than Hajj al-Tamattu.

Some contemporary jurists, such as Muhammad-Taqi Bahjat, hold that the guardian of a child can make the child enter ihrām at one of the well-known miqāts and may delay the removal of the sewn garments and putting on the ihrām until reaching Fakh.[24] Sunni jurists are either opposed to this or remain silent on the matter. However, some of them say that there is no problem in delaying the ihrām of a child until reaching the Ḥaram (the Sacred Mosque) or near it.[25]

Notes

  1. ↑ al-Ḥimyarī , " Al-Rawḍ al-miʿṭār fī khabar al-aqṭār" , p. 436.
  2. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn , p. 366-367.
  3. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn , p. 367; Muḥaddith Qummī ," Muntahā al-ʾĀmāl. ", vol. 1, p. 261.
  4. ↑ al-Ṭūsī , "Rijāl al-Ṭūsī ", p. 489.
  5. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn , p. 380.
  6. ↑ Fāsī, Shifāʾ al-Gharām , vol. 1,p. 472.
  7. ↑ Jaʿfarīān, Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah , p. 199-200.
  8. ↑ Ibn Khaldūn, Tārīkh Ibn Khaldūn vol. 5,p. 148.
  9. ↑ Jaʿfarīān, Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah , p. 199-200.
  10. ↑ ISNA، New's Code: 91090602351
  11. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn , p. 364.
  12. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn , p. 366-367.
  13. ↑ Amīn Āmīlī,, Aʿyān al-Shīʿa, vol. 6, p. 97.
  14. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-Buldān, vol. 4, p. 238.
  15. ↑ Abū al-Faraj Isfahānī, Maqātil al-Ṭālibiyyīn ,p. 372.
  16. ↑ Various Authors, Tārīkh al-Tashayyūʿ, Vol. 1, p. 263.
  17. ↑ Ibn Saʿd, al-Ṭabaqāt al-Kubrā,vol. 4, p. 142.
  18. ↑ Yāqūt al-Ḥamawī, Muʿjam al-Buldān,vol. 4, p. 238.
  19. ↑ Jaʿfarīān, Āthār Islāmiyya Makkah wa Madīnah , p. 200.
  20. ↑ Rūḥānī, al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā , vol. 2, p. 28.
  21. ↑ Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, vol. 4, p. 303; Shaykh Ṣadūq, Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh , vol. 2, p. 433.
  22. ↑ Anṣārī, Maʿālim al-Dīn fī Fiqh Āl Yāsīn , vol. 1, p. 230; Rūḥānī, al-Murtaqā ilā al-Fiqh al-Arqā , vol. 2, p. 28.
  23. ↑ Anṣārī, Mawsūʿat Aḥkām al-Aṭfāl wa Adillatuhā , vol. 5, p. 282.
  24. ↑ Iftikhārī Golpāygānī, Ārāʾ al-Marājiʿ fī al-Ḥajj ʿalā Ḍawʾ Fatāwā al-Imām al-Khomeynī. , vol. 1, p. 34.
  25. ↑ Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr al-Qurṭubī, al-Kāfī fī Fiqh Ahl al-Madīnah ,vol. 1, p. 411.

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