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{{جعبه اطلاعات اعمال
| عنوان = Secrets of Tawaf
| تصویر = حج1400.png
| توضیح تصویر = 
| توضیح فیلم = 
| دسته = Acts of [[Umrah]] and [[Hajj]]
| مربوط به آیین = Hajj
| مکان = [[Masjid al-Haram]]
| زمان = In Umrah: The first act after entering [[Mecca]]; In Hajj: The twelfth day of Dhu al-Hijjah
| عمل قبلی = In Umrah: Ihram at Miqat
[[Hajj al-Tamattu]]: [[Ramy al-Jamarat]]
| عمل بعدی = In [[Umrah]] and Hajj al-Tamattu: [[Salat al-Tawaf]] ← [[Sa'i]]
| حکم = 
| کفاره = 
| پیامد فقهی = 
| ثواب = 
| آداب وابسته = Ghusl, humility, and entering the Mataf barefoot
| فلسفه و اسرار = Resemblance to angels circumambulating the Throne - Man's detachment from seven undesirable traits
| منشاء و تاریخچه = 
| مکان‌های وابسته = [[Mataf]]
| اشیای وابسته = 
| ذکرهای وابسته = 
| دعاهای وابسته = 
| مفاهیم فقهی وابسته = 
| احکام فقهی وابسته = 
| صفحه فتواهای مراجع = [[Tawaf (Fatwas of Maraji')]]
| جستارهای وابسته = [[Acts of Umrah al-Tamattu]]; [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu]]
}}'''Secrets of Tawaf''' refers to the philosophical and mystical meanings and inner dimensions of the act of [[Tawaf]] around the [[Kaaba]]. Tawaf is one of the fundamental acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]] that holds a prominent place in the [[Quran]] and Sunnah, and its various dimensions have been explained in interpretive, hadith, and mystical sources. This collection of teachings is known as "Secrets of Tawaf." Sources that discuss the secrets of [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu|Hajj rituals]] have considered Tawaf to possess monotheistic, ethical, and mystical symbols and secrets.

== Importance of Tawaf ==
{{اصلی|Tawaf}}Tawaf is the act of circumambulating the [[Kaaba]] seven times in [[Masjid al-Haram]] and is one of the acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]].<ref>Darsnameh Manasek Hajj, p. 33.</ref> The [[Quran]] refers to Tawaf in Surah al-Hajj.<ref>Hajj, 29.</ref> In prophetic narrations and hadiths of the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]], the reward for Tawaf has been emphasized, and Tawaf has been considered a factor for God's pleasure, mercy, and forgiveness.<ref>Furu' al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 412, hadith 5.</ref>

== Monotheistic Secrets of Tawaf ==
In the view of many commentators and researchers, Tawaf is a manifestation of practical monotheism; a circular movement around a center that reminds believers of their sole destination, which is God.<ref name=":0">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190; Surah al-Anbiya, verse 97; Pish Daramadi bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'aref Hajj, vol. 1, p. 207.</ref>

Tawaf is considered a form of prayer<ref name=":5">Awali al-La'ali, vol. 2, p. 167.</ref> and a movement towards closeness to God and detachment from others, which polishes the heart and familiarizes the soul with God.<ref name=":2">Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 363.</ref> Its continuity is also a symbol of the servant's constant remembrance of God, and without this remembrance, the purpose of Tawaf is not achieved.<ref>Mahajjat al-Bayda, vol. 2, p. 350.</ref> Circumambulating the [[Kaaba]] also signifies love and affection for God<ref>Hajj Maqbool, p. 114.</ref> and leads to His special attention to those performing [[Tawaf|Tawaf]].<ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 9, p. 376.</ref>

== Ethical Secrets ==
Ethical and educational sources consider Tawaf a practice for cultivating spiritual values and a reminder of the humility of servants before the greatness of God.<ref>Daneshnameh Hajj va Haramayn Sharifayn, vol. 6, pp. 372 and 373.</ref> In this journey, the pilgrim detaches his heart from reliance on people and trusts only in God<ref>Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 360.</ref> and seeks repentance and purity from sins from Him.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 310; Kafi, vol. 4, p. 188.</ref> The collective harmony of the [[Hajji|pilgrims]] creates a manifestation of empathy and unity<ref>Pish Daramadi bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'aref Hajj, vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> and the vast crowd and their movement evoke the remembrance of the Day of Judgment and the human journey from this world to the hereafter.<ref>Pish Daramadi bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'aref Hajj, vol. 1, p. 209.</ref>

== Symbols and Codes ==
In a mystical view, Tawaf symbolizes man's inner journey towards God, and each stage has its secrets.<ref>Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 191.</ref> It is said that the [[Kaaba]] is an extension of [[Bayt al-Ma'mur]] and a representation of the Throne, and a proper Tawaf elevates the seeker to higher levels;<ref>Bihar, vol. 96, p. 57; Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190.</ref> by circumambulating the Kaaba, man resembles the angels circumambulating the [[Throne]].<ref>Zumar, 75.</ref><ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 10, p. 172.</ref> At the same time, it has been pointed out that performing it in a crowd shows that religion prefers social presence over isolation.<ref>Pish Daramadi bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'aref Hajj, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>

=== The Secret of the Number Seven in Tawaf Rounds ===
Tawaf in all Islamic schools of thought consists of seven rounds, and philosophical, interpretive, and mystical sources have offered various explanations for the secret of this number. Some have considered it a sign of man's detachment from seven undesirable traits—vanity, arrogance, envy, greed, stinginess, anger, and lust—and their replacement with seven good qualities such as knowledge, wisdom, chastity, courage, justice, generosity, and humility.<ref name=":4">Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 364.</ref>

On the other hand, the seven rounds of Tawaf refer to movement through the seven climes or the seven heavens<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 243.</ref> and have similarities with the seven stages of prayer from standing to salutation.<ref>Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 365.</ref> In some sources, this number has been linked to the seven thousand years of distance between angels and God during their protest against the creation of man.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 407.</ref> It has also been said that each round of Tawaf reminds one of attaining one of the seven inner meanings of the Quran and its interpretations.<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 240.</ref>

The number seven in Tawaf is also consistent with other Hajj rituals; such as seven times [[Sa'i]] and seven pebbles for [[Ramy|Ramy al-Jamarat]].<ref name=":4" /> This harmony is also seen with the cosmic order: the Quran speaks of seven heavens<ref>Baqarah, 29.</ref> and seven seas,<ref>Luqman, 27.</ref> Surah al-Fatiha is known as Sab' al-Mathani with seven verses, and a week also has seven days.<ref name=":4" /> Thus, the number seven in Tawaf is a symbol of cosmic order and the connection of worship with the structure of creation.{{مدرک}}

Ultimately, seven rounds of Tawaf are considered to signify the completion of an act of worship<ref>Asrar Irfani Hajj, pp. 370 and 371.</ref> and in mystical sources, it also refers to the seven stages of spiritual journey and human ranks.<ref>Asrar Irfani Hajj, pp. 366-370.</ref>

== Starting Tawaf from Hajar al-Aswad ==
{{اصلی|Hajar al-Aswad}}{{اصلی|Secrets of Hajar al-Aswad}}In narrations, Hajar al-Aswad is called "the hand of God on earth."<ref>Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 96, p. 220; Al-Hajj wa al-Umrah fi al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah, pp. 102-103.</ref> Starting [[Tawaf]] from it is considered a sign of entering the sacred precinct of the [[Kaaba|House of God]] and renewing the covenant with the Lord, and [[Istilam|touching this stone]] is making a covenant with God that the [[pilgrim]] will no longer commit sins.<ref name=":1">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 194.</ref>

== Conditions and Etiquette ==
{{اصلی|Etiquette of Tawaf}}
Tawaf has its etiquette; including ghusl, humility, and entering the [[Mataf]] barefoot.<ref name=":3">Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 371.</ref> [[Inner purity]],<ref>. See: Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 217.</ref> [[presence of heart]]<ref>Asrar Irfani Hajj, p. 359.</ref> and [[supplication]]<ref name=":3" /> are considered other etiquettes and necessities of Tawaf.

== See also ==

* [[Tawaf]]
* [[Salat al-Tawaf]]
* [[Secrets of Salat al-Tawaf]]

== References ==
{{پانویس}}

== Sources ==
{{منابع}}
*'''Asrar Irfani Hajj''' (Mystical Secrets of Hajj), Mohammad Taqi Fa'ali, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.
*'''Bihar al-Anwar''', Mohammad Baqir al-Majlisi, corrected by Mohammad Baqir Behboudi and others, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1403 AH.
*'''Pish Daramadi bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'aref Hajj''' (An Introduction to the Encyclopedia of Secrets and Knowledge of Hajj), معاونت امور روحانیون (Deputy for Religious Affairs), Tehran, Mash'ar, 1387 SH.
*'''Jur'ei az Sahba-ye Hajj''' (A Sip from the Wine of Hajj), Abdullah Javadi Amoli, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.
*'''Al-Hajj wa al-Umrah fi al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah''' (Hajj and Umrah in the Book and Sunnah), Mohammad Mohammadi Reyshahri, Qom, Dar al-Hadith, 1376 SH.
*'''Darsnameh Manasek Hajj''' (Textbook of Hajj Rituals), Mohammad Hossein Fallahzadeh, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1389 SH.
*'''Awali al-La'ali''', Mohammad ibn Abi Jumhuri, Qom, Sayyid al-Shuhada, 1362 SH.
*'''Al-Mahajjat al-Bayda''' (The White Path), Fayz Kashani, Qom, Nashr Islami, 1417 AH.
*'''Mustadrak al-Wasa'il''', Mirza Hossein Nouri, Qom, Mo'asseseh Aal al-Bayt, 1408 AH.{{پایان}}{{Hajj and Umrah}}
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