Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

2026-02-25T13:22:56Z

ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی

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{{Infobox person
|title = Muhammad Tahir Kurdi
|image = محمدطاهر کردی.jpg
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|caption =
|name = Muhammad Tahir ibn Abd al-Qadir ibn Mahmud Kurdi
|honorific_prefix =
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|nickname =
|birth_date = 1321 AH
|birth_place = [[Mecca]]
|residence =
|allegiance =
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|children =
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|religion = Islam
|denomination = [[Sunni Islam]], [[Shafi'i]]
|occupation =
|office = Member of the Executive Board for the Expansion and Renovation of [[Masjid al-Haram]]
|death_cause =
|death_date = 1400 AH
|death_place = [[Jeddah]]
|death_country = [[Saudi Arabia]]
|resting_place = [[Jannat al-Mu'alla|Ma'lat Cemetery]] in Mecca

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|works = ''Mus'haf Makka al-Mukarramah'' • ''Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim'' • ''Irshad al-Zumrah li-Manasik al-Hajj wa al-Umrah'' • ''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar al-Rasul''
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}}
'''Muhammad Tahir Kurdi''' (1321-1400 AH) was a [[Shafi'i]] historian and calligrapher from [[Mecca]] and the author of the book ''[[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim|Al-Tarikh al-Qawim]]''.

In addition to teaching calligraphy and writing books related to the history of Mecca, he was involved in other activities, such as being a member of the Executive Board for the Expansion and Renovation of [[Masjid al-Haram]], head of the authorship and historical works section of this board, and a member of the supervisory board for the repair of the [[Kaaba]]'s roof and the replacement of the silver frame of the [[Black Stone]].

Some of Kurdi's works include ''[[Mus'haf Makka al-Mukarramah]]'', ''Irshad al-Zumrah li-Manasik al-Hajj wa al-Umrah'' (on [[Hajj rituals]]), and ''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar al-Rasul'', which discusses the permissibility of [[Tabarruk (seeking blessings) from Prophet Muhammad|seeking blessings from the relics of the Prophet (PBUH)]] and its historical practice by the Companions.

== Life and Activities ==
Muhammad Tahir ibn Abd al-Qadir ibn Mahmud Kurdi was born in [[Mecca]] in 1321 AH.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=25 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 25.]</ref> His father had migrated from the city of Arbil in [[Iraq]] to Mecca before his birth, with the intention of residing there and being near the [[Kaaba|House of God]].<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>

In 1340 AH, one year after completing his studies, Muhammad Tahir traveled to [[Egypt]] with his father and studied at [[Al-Azhar University]] for seven years.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>

=== Interest in Calligraphy ===
[[File:صفحه‌ای از کتاب تاریخ القویم.jpg|250px|thumb|A sample of Muhammad Tahir Kurdi's calligraphy from the opening pages of ''[[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim|Al-Tarikh al-Qawim]]'']]

In 1341 AH, concurrent with the establishment of a calligraphy school in Egypt, Kurdi began to learn calligraphy. In 1348 AH, he returned to Mecca and started working as an employee in the Sharia courts.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=27 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 27.]</ref>

Kurdi's interest in calligraphy led him to make several trips to [[Egypt]] and [[Iraq]]. Until 1383 AH, and before an illness that confined him until his death,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 26-27, 31.]</ref> he worked as a master or director of calligraphy schools in Mecca.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> He authored nine books on calligraphy<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=12 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 12-13.]</ref> and referred to himself as a calligrapher.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=42 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 42.]</ref>

=== Denomination ===
It is said that Muhammad Tahir Kurdi was a [[Shafi'i]] in terms of jurisprudence and did not have Salafi or Wahhabi leanings in his beliefs.{{citation needed}} He wrote a book titled ''[[Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar al-Rasul]]'', in which he defended the permissibility of [[Tabarruk (seeking blessings) from Prophet Muhammad|seeking blessings from the relics of the Prophet (PBUH)]] and its historical practice by the Companions.<ref>See: ''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar Rasul Allah Sallallahu Alayhi wa Bayan Fadlih''.</ref>

=== Death ===
Kurdi passed away in 1400 AH in [[Jeddah]] and was buried in [[Ma'lat Cemetery]] in [[Mecca]].<ref>''Al-Jawahir al-Hassan'', Vol. 2, p. 638. [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=19 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 19, 48.]</ref>
=== Executive Activities ===
Kurdi was a member of the Executive Board for the Expansion and Renovation of [[Masjid al-Haram]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> and the head of the authorship and historical works section of this board, as well as a member of the supervisory board for the repair of the [[Kaaba]]'s roof.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=17 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 17.]</ref> His other activities included participation in the expansion of Masjid al-Haram and the replacement of the silver frame of the [[Black Stone]].<ref>Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 3, p. 297.</ref>

== Works ==
Muhammad Tahir Kurdi authored over 42 works on various subjects. He wrote works on literature,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=18 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 18.]</ref> Quranic exegesis, the history of Mecca, and the creation of country maps.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> Some of these works have been published,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=15 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 15-16.]</ref> and since 1393 AH, the [[Saudi government]] has assigned a special committee to oversee the correction and publication of his works.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref>

It is said that ''[[Mus'haf Makka al-Mukarramah]]'' is Kurdi's most important work, the calligraphy of which was completed in 1362 AH. After being approved by a committee of scholars from [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 36.]</ref> and the sheikhs of Al-Azhar,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=8 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 8.]</ref> it was published in 1369 AH as the first [[Quran]] printed in Mecca.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Publisher's Introduction, p. 36.]</ref>

On the subject of [[Mecca]], [[Hajj]], and related matters, Muhammad Tahir Kurdi, in addition to ''[[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim|Al-Tarikh al-Qawim]]'', provided a study of the book ''[[Al-I'lam bi-A'lam Bayt Allah al-Haram]]'' by [[Qutb al-Din al-Nahrawali]] (d. 990 AH), along with commentary, annotations, and illustrations.<ref>''Majallat al-Arab'', No. 14, pp. 211-212.</ref> He also authored ''Irshad al-Zumrah li-Manasik al-Hajj wa al-Umrah'' on [[Hajj rituals]],<ref>Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 4, p. 80.</ref> which, like several of his other works such as ''Manzumah fi Ashhar Binayat al-Ka'bah al-Mu'azzamah wa Maqam Ibrahim (AS)'',<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=29 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 29.]</ref> he included within ''Al-Tarikh al-Qawim''. {{Further|Al-Tarikh al-Qawim}}

== See also ==

* [[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim]]

== Footnotes ==
{{Footnotes}}
== References ==
{{References}}
* '''Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim''', Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi al-Makki, edited by Abd al-Malik ibn Duhaysh, Beirut, Dar al-Khidr, 1420 AH.
* '''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar Rasul Allah Sallallahu Alayhi wa Bayan Fadlih''' Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi, Maktabat al-Qahirah, 1997 CE.
* '''Al-Jawahir al-Hassan fi Tarajim al-Fudala' wa al-A'yan''': Zakariya ibn Abdullah Bayla, Riyadh, Mu'assasat al-Furqan, 1426 AH.
* '''Majallat al-Arab''': Hamad al-Jassir, Riyadh, Dar al-Yamamah, 1399 AH.
{{End}}
[[Category:Completed articles]]
[[Category:Historians and geographers of Mecca]]
[[Category:Articles ready for translation]]

[[ar:محمد طاهر الكردي]]
[[fa:محمدطاهر کردی]]

Mohammad Taher Kurdi - Revision history

Translationbot: ترجمه خودکار از ویکی فارسی