Imam 'Ali (a) - Revision history

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	* ''Firaq al-Shīʿa'', Nawbakhtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsá, Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ.		* ''Firaq al-Shīʿa'', Nawbakhtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsá, Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ.
	{{end}}		{{end}}

			[[Category:Shi'a Imams]]

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Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz

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	* [[Khaybar Fortress]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 95.</ref>		* [[Khaybar Fortress]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 95.</ref>
	{{~~columns-~~end}}		{{end}}

	=== Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a) ===		=== Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a) ===
	{{main\|Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)}}		{{main\|Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)}}
	The burial place of Imam 'Ali (a) is located in the city of [[Najaf]] in the country of [[Iraq]]. According to Imam 'Ali's will, his sons [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] secretly and overnight buried his body on a high land behind [[Kufa]], which has been called by names such as [[Najaf]], [[Dhuhr al-Kufa]], and [[al-Ghari]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> Imam 'Ali's grave remained hidden for years and only the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] were aware of it.<ref>History of the Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a), p. 148.</ref> Numerous traditions from the Infallible Imams (a) confirm the existence of Imam 'Ali's grave in Najaf.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> After the fall of the [[Umayyads]] and the removal of the Khawarij threat, [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] informed some Shias about the location of Imam 'Ali's grave and even visited the grave with some of his companions. It is said that [[Harun al-Rashid]] was the first to build a dome over the grave.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 32.</ref> Subsequently, various buildings were constructed on the grave at different times.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, pp. 34–37.</ref>		The burial place of Imam 'Ali (a) is located in the city of [[Najaf]] in the country of [[Iraq]]. According to Imam 'Ali's will, his sons [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] secretly and overnight buried his body on a high land behind [[Kufa]], which has been called by names such as [[Najaf]], [[Dhuhr al-Kufa]], and [[al-Ghari]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> Imam 'Ali's grave remained hidden for years and only the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] were aware of it.<ref>History of the Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a), p. 148.</ref> Numerous traditions from the Infallible Imams (a) confirm the existence of Imam 'Ali's grave in Najaf.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> After the fall of the [[Umayyads]] and the removal of the Khawarij threat, [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] informed some Shias about the location of Imam 'Ali's grave and even visited the grave with some of his companions. It is said that [[Harun al-Rashid]] was the first to build a dome over the grave.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 32.</ref> Subsequently, various buildings were constructed on the grave at different times.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, pp. 34–37.</ref>

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Shrines Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a)

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	{{main\|Hajj in the Sayings of Imam 'Ali (a)}}		{{main\|Hajj in the Sayings of Imam 'Ali (a)}}

	Imam 'Ali emphasized the [[obligation of Hajj]]<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 259.</ref> and urged Muslims to fulfill this duty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 254.</ref> He spoke about the spiritual, social, political, and economic dimensions of ~~Hajj~~. In his words, hajj and 'umra pilgrims are guests of God<ref>Ḥajj and 'umra in the Qur'an and Hadith, p. 237.</ref>, and the rituals are a means of nearness to God<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 15.</ref>, a conduit for divine mercy<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>, and a remover of poverty and sins.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 4, p. 624; "hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 12.</ref> He considered hajj a symbol of human humility before divine majesty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 256.</ref> He compared the pilgrims to thirsty seekers reaching a spring<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 255.</ref> and to birds seeking refuge.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 7.</ref> From his view, performing hajj is a great honor bestowed upon certain servants of God.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 257.</ref>		Imam 'Ali emphasized the [[obligation of Hajj]]<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 259.</ref> and urged Muslims to fulfill this duty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 254.</ref> He spoke about the spiritual, social, political, and economic dimensions of hajj. In his words, hajj and 'umra pilgrims are guests of God<ref>Ḥajj and 'umra in the Qur'an and Hadith, p. 237.</ref>, and the rituals are a means of nearness to God<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 15.</ref>, a conduit for divine mercy<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>, and a remover of poverty and sins.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 4, p. 624; "hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 12.</ref> He considered hajj a symbol of human humility before divine majesty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 256.</ref> He compared the pilgrims to thirsty seekers reaching a spring<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 255.</ref> and to birds seeking refuge.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 7.</ref> From his view, performing hajj is a great honor bestowed upon certain servants of God.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 257.</ref>

	In his will to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], he emphasized visiting the Ka'ba and not abandoning it, warning that its abandonment would bring divine wrath.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> In a letter to the governor of Mecca, he ordered the provision of cultural and welfare needs for pilgrims, especially ensuring they were housed free of charge and welcomed kindly.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>		In his will to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], he emphasized visiting the Ka'ba and not abandoning it, warning that its abandonment would bring divine wrath.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> In a letter to the governor of Mecca, he ordered the provision of cultural and welfare needs for pilgrims, especially ensuring they were housed free of charge and welcomed kindly.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>

	In ~~one~~ sermon, after describing the simplicity of the Ka'ba, Imam 'Ali reflects on why God placed it in a barren, rocky place rather than a fertile, green area ~~— so~~ the test of hajj would not be easy and its reward not small.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 7, pp. 421, 428.</ref>		In a sermon, after describing the simplicity of the Ka'ba, Imam 'Ali reflects on why God placed it in a barren, rocky place rather than a fertile, green area —so the test of hajj would not be easy and its reward not small.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 7, pp. 421, 428.</ref>

	== Endowments ==		== Endowments ==
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	== Shrines Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) ==		== Shrines Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) ==
	In the Islamic lands, there are places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) which serve as pilgrimage sites for Muslims. Some of these include:		In the Islamic lands, there are places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) which serve as pilgrimage sites for Muslims. Some of these include:
	~~{{columns-start\|3}}~~

			{{col-begin\|3}}
	* [[Imam 'Ali Spring (Karbala)]] — a shrine near Karbala.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 258.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali Spring (Karbala)]] — a shrine near Karbala.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 258.</ref>
	* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Kufa)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 128.</ref>		* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Kufa)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 128.</ref>
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	* [[Imam 'Ali Finger Mosque (Erbil)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 2, p. 24.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali Finger Mosque (Erbil)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 2, p. 24.</ref>
	* [[Blue Mosque (Mazar-e Sharif)]], in the city of Mazar-e Sharif in Afghanistan, a shrine attributed to Imam 'Ali (a)		* [[Blue Mosque (Mazar-e Sharif)]], in the city of Mazar-e Sharif in Afghanistan, a shrine attributed to Imam 'Ali (a)
	{{~~columns-~~end}}		{{end}}

	=== Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz ===		=== Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz ===

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	==Life and Status==		==Life and Status==

	Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>Al-~~Kāfī~~, vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years before the hijra) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Al-~~Irshād~~, vol. 1, p. 5; The Lives of the Infallibles, vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>The Intellectual and Political Life of the Shia Imams, p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>Al-~~Irshād~~, vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>Al-~~Ṭabaqāt~~ al-~~Kubrā~~, vol. 8, p. 16; The Intellectual and Political Life of the Shia Imams, p. 49.</ref> and father of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and History, vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>		Ali b. Abi Talib was born in the year 30 of 'Am al-Fil/600<ref>Al-Kafī, vol. 1, p. 452.</ref> (23 years before the hijra) in [[Mecca]], inside the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>Al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 5; The Lives of the Infallibles, vol. 3, p. 4.</ref> He grew up in the house of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]]<ref>The Intellectual and Political Life of the Shia Imams, p. 48.</ref> and is considered the first male convert to Islam.<ref>Al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 6.</ref> Imam 'Ali was the husband of [[Lady Fatima (s)]]<ref>Al-Ṭabaqat al-Kubra, vol. 8, p. 16; The Intellectual and Political Life of the Shia Imams, p. 49.</ref> and father of [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]], [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], [[Lady Zaynab]], and [[al-'Abbas b. 'Ali]].<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and History, vol. 1, pp. 126, 185.</ref>

	In the 40th year after hijra/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>Al-~~Irshād~~, vol. 1, p. 9; Al-~~Kāfī~~, vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>		In the 40th year after hijra/661, during morning prayer in the [[Kufa Mosque]], he was fatally struck by [[Ibn Muljam al-Muradi]], one of the Khawarij from Nahrawan, and was martyred three days later.<ref>Al-Irshad, vol. 1, p. 9; Al-Kafī, vol. 1, p. 452.</ref>

	===Succession to the Prophet (s)===		===Succession to the Prophet (s)===

	Shia Muslims believe that the Prophet's (s) successor must be divinely appointed, and that Prophet Muhammad (s), by God's command, appointed 'Ali b. Abi Talib as his caliph and leader of the Muslim community.<ref>Firaq al-Shi'a, p. 17; Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and History, vol. 1, pp. 492–536; Manṣhūr-i '~~Aqā~~'id-i ~~Imāmīyyah~~, pp. 149, 151.</ref> Despite this, Imam 'Ali remained away from political leadership for 25 years during the rule of the first three caliphs. After the assassination of [['~~Uthmān~~ b. '~~Affān~~]], the third caliph, people pledged allegiance to him<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful, vol. 3, p. 449.</ref> in the year 35/656.<ref>~~Siyāsat~~-~~nāma~~-yi ~~Imām~~ 'Alī, p. 23.</ref> He then assumed the caliphate<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> and during his nearly five-year rule, he modeled his governance on that of the Prophet (s) and enacted significant reforms.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref>		Shia Muslims believe that the Prophet's (s) successor must be divinely appointed, and that Prophet Muhammad (s), by God's command, appointed 'Ali b. Abi Talib as his caliph and leader of the Muslim community.<ref>Firaq al-Shi'a, p. 17; Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful based on the Qur'an, Hadith, and History, vol. 1, pp. 492–536; Manṣhūr-i 'Aqa'id-i Imamīyyah, pp. 149, 151.</ref> Despite this, Imam 'Ali remained away from political leadership for 25 years during the rule of the first three caliphs. After the assassination of [['Uthman b. 'Affan]], the third caliph, people pledged allegiance to him<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful, vol. 3, p. 449.</ref> in the year 35/656.<ref>Siyasat-nama-yi Imam 'Alī, p. 23.</ref> He then assumed the caliphate<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> and during his nearly five-year rule, he modeled his governance on that of the Prophet (s) and enacted significant reforms.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref>

	===The Prophet's (s) Praise for Imam 'Ali (a)===		===The Prophet's (s) Praise for Imam 'Ali (a)===

	The Prophet, who counted Imam 'Ali among his closest ~~companions~~<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, pp. 4–5.</ref>, spoke highly of his virtues.<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful, vol. 1, pp. 435–457; Encyclopedia of Imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib, vol. 1, pp. 61, 69, 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet said: “Ali will never be separated from the truth, and the truth will never be separated from 'Ali.”<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> Imam 'Ali participated in all of the Prophet's battles, except for the Battle of Tabuk, when the Prophet appointed him as his deputy in Medina.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> He is regarded as the perfect embodiment of the Prophet's spiritual training<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 6.</ref> and as a unique exemplar of piety and devotion.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 8.</ref>		The Prophet, who counted Imam 'Ali among his closest [[Companions]]<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, pp. 4–5.</ref>, spoke highly of his virtues.<ref>Encyclopedia of the Commander of the Faithful, vol. 1, pp. 435–457; Encyclopedia of Imam 'Ali b. Abi Talib, vol. 1, pp. 61, 69, 72.</ref> It is reported that the Prophet said: “Ali will never be separated from the truth, and the truth will never be separated from Ali.”<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> Imam 'Ali participated in all of the Prophet's battles, except for the Battle of Tabuk, when the Prophet appointed him as his deputy in Medina.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 5.</ref> He is regarded as the perfect embodiment of the Prophet's spiritual training<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 6.</ref> and as a unique exemplar of piety and devotion.<ref>A Brief Biography of the Imams, p. 8.</ref>

			==Imam 'Ali's Performance of Hajj==

			Imam 'Ali (a) performed hajj several times during the Prophet's (s) life, though the number of pilgrimages after that is unclear.<ref>"Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj", p. 69.</ref> According to historical sources, he accompanied the Prophet on the [['Umrat al-Qada]], a compensatory 'umra made in 7/629 when the Prophet (s) and a group of Muslims entered [[Mecca]] to perform the rituals.<ref>Ansab al-Ashraf, vol. 1, p. 353; Tafsir al-Namūnah, vol. 22, p. 107.</ref>

	==Imam 'Ali'~~s Performance~~ of Hajj		In the ninth year after hijra/631, the Prophet tasked Imam 'Ali (a) with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at hajj.<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, b. Hisham, vol. 4, pp. 970–973; 'Ilal al-Shara'i', vol. 1, p. 190; Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, b. Kathīr, vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues.<ref>"Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj", p. 70.</ref> Notable practices of Imam 'Ali (a) during hajj included abstaining from hunting, using the [[sacrificial offering]], performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and 'Isha prayers in [[Muzdalifah]].<ref>Ḥajj of the Prophets and Imams (a), pp. 233–236.</ref>

	~~Imam 'Ali (a) performed hajj several times during~~ the Prophet's (s) ~~life, though the number of pilgrimages after that is unclear.~~<ref>~~"Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj"~~, p. 69.</ref> ~~According to historical sources~~, ~~he accompanied~~ the ~~Prophet on the [['Umrat al-Qaḍā]], a compensatory 'umra made in 7 AH when~~ the Prophet ~~and a group of Muslims entered~~ [[~~Mecca~~]] ~~to perform the rituals~~.<ref>~~Ansāb al~~-~~Ashrāf~~, vol. 1, p. ~~353~~; ~~Tafsir al-Namūnah, vol. 22~~, p. ~~107~~.</ref>		He also participated in the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] of the Prophet (s)<ref>Tarīkh-i Ya'qūbī, vol. 2, p. 109; Al-Kafī, vol. 4, pp. 247–248; Al-Tahdhīb, vol. 5, p. 227.</ref>, during the return from which the Prophet declared him his successor at [[Ghadir Khumm]].<ref>Al-Irshad, vol. 1, pp. 170–176; Life of the Commander of the Faithful Imam 'Ali, p. 43.</ref>

	In the ~~ninth year after hijra~~, ~~the Prophet tasked~~ Imam 'Ali ~~with publicly reciting the [[verses of disassociation]] at Hajj.~~<ref>~~Al-Sīrah~~ al-~~Nabawiyyah~~, b. ~~Hishām~~, ~~vol~~. 4, pp. ~~970–973;~~ '~~Ilal~~ al-~~Sharā'i~~', ~~vol. 1~~, p. ~~190; Al-Sīrah~~ al-~~Nabawiyyah~~, ~~b. Kathīr, vol. 4, pp. 68–69.</ref> This act is considered one of his virtues~~.<ref>"~~Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj~~", p. 70.</ref> ~~Notable practices of Imam 'Ali~~ during ~~hajj included abstaining from hunting~~, ~~using~~ the [[~~sacrificial offering~~]]~~, performing [[ritual washing]] upon entering the sacred precinct, and combining the Maghrib and~~ '~~Ishā prayers in [[Muzdalifah]]~~.<ref>Ḥajj of the ~~Prophets~~ and Imams (a), pp. ~~233–236~~.</ref>		It is said that due to the three civil wars (Jamal, Ṣiffīn, and Nahrawan), Imam 'Ali (a) was unable to perform hajj during his caliphate<ref>Tarīkh al-Khamīs, vol. 2, p. 278; "Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj", p. 69.</ref> and did not personally lead the pilgrimage. Instead, in 36/657 and 37/658, he appointed 'Abd Allah b. al-'Abbas, and in 38/659 and 39/660, his agent over Mecca, Qutham b. al-'Abbas, to lead the hajj.<ref>"Amīr al-Ḥajj", vol. 3, p. 84.</ref> It is also narrated that during his rule, the [[Kiswa]] (Ka'ba's cloth covering) was sent from Iraq.<ref>"The Commander of the Faithful and Sending the Kiswah", p. 202; "Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj", p. 73.</ref>

	He also participated in the [[Farewell Pilgrimage]] of the Prophet (s)<ref>Tārīkh-i Ya'qūbī, vol. 2, p. 109; Al-Kāfī, vol. 4, pp. 247–248; Al-Tahdhīb, vol. 5, p. 227.</ref>, during the return from which the Prophet declared him his successor at [[Ghadir Khumm]].<ref>Al-Irshād, vol. 1, pp. 170–176; Life of the Commander of the Faithful Imam 'Ali, p. 43.</ref>		==Imam 'Ali's View of Hajj==

	~~It is said that due to~~ the ~~three civil wars (Jamāl, Ṣiffīn, and Nahrawān),~~ Imam 'Ali was unable to perform hajj during his caliphate<ref>Tārīkh al-Khamīs, vol. 2, p. 278; "Strategies of the Imams (a) during Hajj", p. 69.</ref> and did not personally lead the pilgrimage. Instead, in 36 and 37 AH, he appointed 'Abdullah b. 'Abbas, and in 38 and 39 AH, his agent over Mecca, Qutham b. 'Abbas, to lead the Hajj.<ref>"Amīr al-Ḥajj", vol. 3, p. 84.</ref> It is also narrated that during his rule, the [[Kiswah]] (Ka'ba's cloth covering) was sent from Iraq.<ref>"The Commander of the Faithful and Sending the Kiswah", p. 202; "Strategies of the Imams (a) ~~during Hajj", p. 73.</ref>~~		{{main\|Hajj in the Sayings of Imam 'Ali (a)}}

			Imam 'Ali emphasized the [[obligation of Hajj]]<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 259.</ref> and urged Muslims to fulfill this duty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 254.</ref> He spoke about the spiritual, social, political, and economic dimensions of Hajj. In his words, hajj and 'umra pilgrims are guests of God<ref>Ḥajj and 'umra in the Qur'an and Hadith, p. 237.</ref>, and the rituals are a means of nearness to God<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 15.</ref>, a conduit for divine mercy<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>, and a remover of poverty and sins.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 4, p. 624; "hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 12.</ref> He considered hajj a symbol of human humility before divine majesty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 256.</ref> He compared the pilgrims to thirsty seekers reaching a spring<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 255.</ref> and to birds seeking refuge.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 7.</ref> From his view, performing hajj is a great honor bestowed upon certain servants of God.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 257.</ref>

			In his will to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], he emphasized visiting the Ka'ba and not abandoning it, warning that its abandonment would bring divine wrath.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> In a letter to the governor of Mecca, he ordered the provision of cultural and welfare needs for pilgrims, especially ensuring they were housed free of charge and welcomed kindly.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balaghah", p. 8.</ref>
	~~==Imam 'Ali's View of Hajj~~

	~~{{main\|hajj in the Sayings of Imam 'Ali (a)}}~~

	Imam 'Ali emphasized the [[obligation of Hajj]]<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 259.</ref> and urged Muslims to fulfill this duty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 254.</ref> He spoke about the spiritual, social, political, and economic dimensions of Hajj. In his words, hajj and 'umra pilgrims are guests of God<ref>Ḥajj and 'umra in the Qur'an and Hadith, p. 237.</ref>, and the rituals are a means of nearness to God<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balāghah", p. 15.</ref>, a conduit for divine mercy<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balāghah", p. 8.</ref>, and a remover of poverty and sins.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 4, p. 624; "hajj in Nahj al-Balāghah", p. 12.</ref> He considered hajj a symbol of human humility before divine majesty.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 256.</ref> He compared the pilgrims to thirsty seekers reaching a spring<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 255.</ref> and to birds seeking refuge.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-Balāghah", p. 7.</ref> From his view, performing hajj is a great honor bestowed upon certain servants of God.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 1, p. 257.</ref>

	In his will to [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]], he emphasized visiting the Ka'ba and not abandoning it, warning that its abandonment would bring divine wrath.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 10, p. 278.</ref> In a letter to the governor of Mecca, he ordered the provision of cultural and welfare needs for pilgrims, especially ensuring they were housed free of charge and welcomed kindly.<ref>"hajj in Nahj al-~~Balāghah~~", p. 8.</ref>

	In one sermon, after describing the simplicity of the Ka'ba, Imam 'Ali reflects on why God placed it in a barren, rocky place rather than a fertile, green area — so the test of hajj would not be easy and its reward not small.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 7, pp. 421, 428.</ref>		In one sermon, after describing the simplicity of the Ka'ba, Imam 'Ali reflects on why God placed it in a barren, rocky place rather than a fertile, green area — so the test of hajj would not be easy and its reward not small.<ref>Message of Imam 'Ali (a), vol. 7, pp. 421, 428.</ref>

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← Older revision		Revision as of 22:55, 12 August 2025
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	==References==		==References==
	{{ref}}		{{ref}}
	''Al-Kāfī'', Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1363 Sh.		* ''Al-Kāfī'', Kulaynī, Muḥammad b. Yaʿqūb, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1363 Sh.
	''Al-Irshād fī ma'rifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿibād'', Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Qom: Kungira-yi Jahānī-yi Hizāra-yi Shaykh Mufīd, 1372 Sh.		* ''Al-Irshād fī ma'rifat ḥujaj Allāh ʿalā al-ʿibād'', Mufīd, Muḥammad b. Muḥammad, Qom: Kungira-yi Jahānī-yi Hizāra-yi Shaykh Mufīd, 1372 Sh.
	''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', al-Amīn, Muḥsin, tran. ʿAlī Ḥujjatī Kirmānī, Tehran: Surūsh, 1376 Sh.		* ''Sīra-yi Maʿṣūmān'', al-Amīn, Muḥsin, tran. ʿAlī Ḥujjatī Kirmānī, Tehran: Surūsh, 1376 Sh.
	''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Saʿd, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410 AH.		* ''Al-Ṭabaqāt al-kubrā'', Ibn Saʿd, Muḥammad b. Saʿd, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1410 AH.
	''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', Ja'farīyān, Rasūl, Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1381 Sh.		* ''Ḥayāt-i fikrī wa sīyāsī-yi Imāmān-i Shīʿa'', Ja'farīyān, Rasūl, Qom: Anṣārīyān, 1381 Sh.
	''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth va tārīkh'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1389 Sh.		* ''Dānishnāma-yi Amīr al-Muʾminīn bar pāya-yi Qurʾān, ḥadīth va tārīkh'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1389 Sh.
	''Manshūr-i ʿaqāʾid-i Imāmīyya'', Subḥānī, Jaʿfar, Qom: Muʾassasa al-Imām al-Ṣādiq.		* ''Manshūr-i ʿaqāʾid-i Imāmīyya'', Subḥānī, Jaʿfar, Qom: Muʾassasa al-Imām al-Ṣādiq.
	''Dānishnāmah-yi Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', Qurashī, Bāqir Sharīf, tran. Ṣāliḥī, Muḥammad, Qom: Dār al-Tahdhīb, 1394 Sh.		* ''Dānishnāmah-yi Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib'', Qurashī, Bāqir Sharīf, tran. Ṣāliḥī, Muḥammad, Qom: Dār al-Tahdhīb, 1394 Sh.
	''Sīyāsatnāma-yi Imām ʿAlī (a)'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, tran. Mihrīzī, Mahdī, Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1390 Sh.		* ''Sīyāsatnāma-yi Imām ʿAlī (a)'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, tran. Mihrīzī, Mahdī, Qom: Dār al-Ḥadīth, 1390 Sh.
	''Sīyrī kūtāh dar zindigānī-yi Aʾimmah (a)'', Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Qom: Kānūn-i Intishārāt-i Nāṣir, 1372 sh.		* ''Sīyrī kūtāh dar zindigānī-yi Aʾimmah (a)'', Ṭabāṭabāʾī, Muḥammad Ḥusayn, Qom: Kānūn-i Intishārāt-i Nāṣir, 1372 sh.
	“Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj”, Ḥaydarī Chamgardānī, Rūḥullāh, ''Farhang-i Pizhūhish'', no. 52, 1401 Sh.		* “Tadābīr-i Aʾimma (a) dar ḥajj”, Ḥaydarī Chamgardānī, Rūḥullāh, ''Farhang-i Pizhūhish'', no. 52, 1401 Sh.
	''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā, ed. Suhayl Zakkār, Riyāḍ Zarkalī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.		* ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'', Balādhurī, Aḥmad b. Yaḥyā, ed. Suhayl Zakkār, Riyāḍ Zarkalī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
	''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', Makāram Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1374 Sh.		* ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', Makāram Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1374 Sh.
	''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa al-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', Biʾtha-yi Maqām-i Muʿaẓẓam-i Rahbarī dar ʿUmūra-yi Ḥajj wa Zīyārat, Qom: Mash'ar, 1416 AH.		* ''Ḥajj al-Anbīyāʾ wa al-Aʾimmah 'alayhim al-salām'', Biʾtha-yi Maqām-i Muʿaẓẓam-i Rahbarī dar ʿUmūra-yi Ḥajj wa Zīyārat, Qom: Mash'ar, 1416 AH.
	''Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl anfus nafīs'', Dīyār Bakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.		* ''Tārīkh al-khamīs fī aḥwāl anfus nafīs'', Dīyār Bakrī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad, Beirut: Dār Ṣādir.
	“Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī ʿalayh al-salām wa irsāl-i parda-yi Kaʿba”, Dawānī, ʿAlī, Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 28, Summer 1378 Sh.		* “Amīr al-Muʾminīn ʿAlī ʿalayh al-salām wa irsāl-i parda-yi Kaʿba”, Dawānī, ʿAlī, Mīqāt-i Ḥajj, no. 28, Summer 1378 Sh.
	''Payām-i Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', Makāram Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1386 Sh.		* ''Payām-i Imām Amīr al-Muʾminīn (a)'', Makāram Shīrāzī, Nāṣir, Tehran: Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1386 Sh.
	''Ḥajj wa ʿumrah dar Qurʾān wa ḥadīth'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, tran. Muḥaddithī, Jawād, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.		* ''Ḥajj wa ʿumrah dar Qurʾān wa ḥadīth'', Muḥammadī Riyshahrī, Muḥammad, tran. Muḥaddithī, Jawād, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1386 Sh.
	“Ḥajj dar nahj al-balāgha”, Karīmī Wāqif, Riḍā, ''Miqāt-i ḥajj'', no. 37, 1380 Sh.		* “Ḥajj dar nahj al-balāgha”, Karīmī Wāqif, Riḍā, ''Miqāt-i ḥajj'', no. 37, 1380 Sh.
	“Barrasī wa tawḍīḥ-i jāygāh-i mawqūfāt-i Imām ʿAlī (a)”, Khushnūdī, ʿIffat; Muntaẓar al-Qāʾim, Aṣghar, Shīʿashināsī, no. 48, Winter 1393 Sh.		* “Barrasī wa tawḍīḥ-i jāygāh-i mawqūfāt-i Imām ʿAlī (a)”, Khushnūdī, ʿIffat; Muntaẓar al-Qāʾim, Aṣghar, Shīʿashināsī, no. 48, Winter 1393 Sh.
	''Zīyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq (muʿarrifī-yi zīyāratgāh-hā-yi mashhūr dar kishvar-i ʿIrāq)'', Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Muḥammad Mahdī, wa Aḥmad Khāmahyār, Tehran: Sāzmān-i Ḥajj wa Ziyārat.		* ''Zīyāratgāh-hā-yi ʿIrāq (muʿarrifī-yi zīyāratgāh-hā-yi mashhūr dar kishvar-i ʿIrāq)'', Faqīh Baḥr al-ʿUlūm, Muḥammad Mahdī, wa Aḥmad Khāmahyār, Tehran: Sāzmān-i Ḥajj wa Ziyārat.
	''Dānishnāma-yi ḥajj wa Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn'', vol. 1, Allāh Akbarī, Muḥammad, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1392 Sh.		* ''Dānishnāma-yi ḥajj wa Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn'', vol. 1, Allāh Akbarī, Muḥammad, Tehran: Mash'ar, 1392 Sh.
	''Dānishnāma-yi ḥajj wa Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn'', vol. 3, “ʿImārat-i ḥajj”, Ḥusaynpūr, Sayyid ʿAlī, Tehran: Mash'ar.		* ''Dānishnāma-yi ḥajj wa Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn'', vol. 3, “ʿImārat-i ḥajj”, Ḥusaynpūr, Sayyid ʿAlī, Tehran: Mash'ar.
	''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', Ja'farīyān, Rasūl, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1390 Sh.		* ''Āthār-i Islāmī-yi Makka wa Madīna'', Ja'farīyān, Rasūl, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1390 Sh.
	“Amākin mansūb bi Imām ʿAlī (a) dar Ḥijāz”, Khāmayār, Aḥmad, ''Mīqāt-i ḥajj'', no. 100, 1396 Sh.		* “Amākin mansūb bi Imām ʿAlī (a) dar Ḥijāz”, Khāmayār, Aḥmad, ''Mīqāt-i ḥajj'', no. 100, 1396 Sh.
	''Tārīkhcha-yi āstān-i muṭahhar-i Imām ʿAlī (a)'', Farṭūsī, Ṣalāḥ Mahdī, tran. Ṭahānīyā, Ḥusayn, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1393 Sh.		* ''Tārīkhcha-yi āstān-i muṭahhar-i Imām ʿAlī (a)'', Farṭūsī, Ṣalāḥ Mahdī, tran. Ṭahānīyā, Ḥusayn, Tehran: Mashʿar, 1393 Sh.
	''Firaq al-Shīʿa'', Nawbakhtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsá, Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ.		* ''Firaq al-Shīʿa'', Nawbakhtī, Ḥasan b. Mūsá, Beirut: Dār al-Aḍwāʾ.
	{{end}}		{{end}}

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:02, 12 August 2025
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	{{col-begin\|3}}		{{col-begin\|3}}
	* [[Imam 'Ali Spring (Karbala)]] — a shrine near Karbala.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 258.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali's Spring (Karbala)]] — a shrine near Karbala.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 258.</ref>
	* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Kufa)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 128.</ref>		* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Kufa)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 128.</ref>
	* [[Imam 'Ali Pool (Karbala)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 260.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali's Pool (Karbala)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 260.</ref>
	* [[Imam 'Ali Station (Karbala)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 244.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali's Station (Karbala)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 244.</ref>
	* [[Imam 'Ali ~~Finger~~ Mosque (Erbil)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 2, p. 24.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali's Palm Mosque (Erbil)]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 2, p. 24.</ref>
	* [[Blue Mosque (Mazar-e Sharif)]], in the city of Mazar-e Sharif in Afghanistan, a shrine attributed to Imam 'Ali (a)		* [[Blue Mosque (Mazar-i-Sharif)]], in the city of Mazar-e Sharif in Afghanistan, a shrine attributed to Imam 'Ali (a)
	{{end}}		{{end}}

	=== Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz ===		=== Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz ===
	{{main\|Places ~~attributed~~ to Imam 'Ali in Hejaz}}		{{main\|Places Attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz}}

	There are locations and buildings in the land of [[Hejaz]] that bear the name of Imam 'Ali (a) or have connections to his life. Among these ~~buildings~~ are:		There are locations and buildings in the land of [[Hejaz]] that bear the name of Imam 'Ali (a) or have connections to his life. Among these are:
	~~{{columns-start\|2}}~~

	* [[Ali ~~Wells~~]], a palm grove south of the city of [[Medina]], with wells attributed to Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Encyclopedia of hajj and the Two Holy Shrines, vol. 1, p. 3.</ref>		{{col-begin\|2}}
			* [[Abyar 'Ali]] ('Ali's Wells), a palm grove south of the city of [[Medina]], with wells attributed to Imam 'Ali (a).<ref>Encyclopedia of hajj and the Two Holy Shrines, vol. 1, p. 3.</ref>

	* [[Imam 'Ali Mosque (Taneem)]], located at the entrance of Mecca.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 173.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali Mosque (Taneem)]], located at the entrance of Mecca.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 173.</ref>

	* [[Imam 'Ali Mosque (~~Manakhah~~)]], one of the historic mosques of [[Medina]] built on the site of the Prophet's (~~PBUH~~) prayer ground.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 319.</ref>		* [[Imam 'Ali Mosque (Manakha)]], one of the historic mosques of [[Medina]] built on the site of the Prophet's (s) prayer ground.<ref>Islamic Monuments of Mecca and Medina, p. 319.</ref>

	* [[Ghadir Khumm Mosque]] located in the Ghadir Khumm area near the historic city of Juhfa.<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 92.</ref>		* [[Ghadir Khumm Mosque]] located in the Ghadir Khumm area near the historic city of Juhfa.<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 92.</ref>

	* [[Ain 'Ali (Yanbu)]], a spring attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) near [[Medina]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 91.</ref>		* [['Ain 'Ali (Yanbu)]], a spring attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) near [[Medina]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 91.</ref>

	* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Medina)]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 86.</ref>		* [[House of Imam 'Ali (Medina)]].<ref>“Places attributed to Imam 'Ali (a) in Hejaz,” p. 86.</ref>
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	=== Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a) ===		=== Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a) ===
	{{main\|Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)}}		{{main\|Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a)}}
	The burial place of Imam 'Ali (a) is located in the city of [[Najaf]] in the country of [[Iraq]]. According to Imam 'Ali's will, his sons [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] secretly and overnight buried his body on a high land behind [[Kufa]], which has been called by names such as [[Najaf]], [[Dhuhr al-Kufa]], and [[Ghari]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> Imam 'Ali's grave remained hidden for years and only the [[~~Ahl al-Bayt\|~~Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] were aware of it.<ref>History of the Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a), p. 148.</ref> Numerous traditions from the Infallible Imams (a) confirm the existence of Imam 'Ali's grave in Najaf.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> After the fall of the [[Umayyads]] and the removal of the Khawarij threat, [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] informed some ~~Shiites~~ about the location of Imam 'Ali's grave and even visited the grave with some of his companions. It is said that [[Harun al-Rashid]] was the first to build a dome over the grave.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 32.</ref> Subsequently, various buildings were constructed on the grave at different times.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, pp. 34–37.</ref>		The burial place of Imam 'Ali (a) is located in the city of [[Najaf]] in the country of [[Iraq]]. According to Imam 'Ali's will, his sons [[Imam al-Hasan (a)]] and [[Imam al-Husayn (a)]] secretly and overnight buried his body on a high land behind [[Kufa]], which has been called by names such as [[Najaf]], [[Dhuhr al-Kufa]], and [[al-Ghari]].<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 29.</ref> Imam 'Ali's grave remained hidden for years and only the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)]] were aware of it.<ref>History of the Holy Shrine of Imam 'Ali (a), p. 148.</ref> Numerous traditions from the Infallible Imams (a) confirm the existence of Imam 'Ali's grave in Najaf.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 30.</ref> After the fall of the [[Umayyads]] and the removal of the Khawarij threat, [[Imam Ja'far al-Sadiq (a)]] informed some Shias about the location of Imam 'Ali's grave and even visited the grave with some of his companions. It is said that [[Harun al-Rashid]] was the first to build a dome over the grave.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, p. 32.</ref> Subsequently, various buildings were constructed on the grave at different times.<ref>Shrines of Iraq, vol. 1, pp. 34–37.</ref>