Dahw al-Ard - Revision history

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	In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '<sup>9</sup> And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. <sup>10</sup> God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. <sup>11</sup> Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>		In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '<sup>9</sup> And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. <sup>10</sup> God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. <sup>11</sup> Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>
	===In the Quran===		===In the Quran===
	In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard {{ia\|دحو الأرض}}). <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>		In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard {{ia\|دحو الأرض}}).<ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>

	The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>		The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>

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In the Quran

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	In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '<sup>9</sup> And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. <sup>10</sup> God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. <sup>11</sup> Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>		In the Torah, there is a reference to Dahw al-Ard: '<sup>9</sup> And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. <sup>10</sup> God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. <sup>11</sup> Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so.'<ref>Genesis: 1: 9-11</ref>
	===In the Quran===		===In the Quran===
	In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard دحو الأرض). <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>		In the Quran, there is a reference to the expansion of the earth (Dahw al-Ard {{ia\|دحو الأرض}}). <ref>Ṭabarī, ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 30, p. 29; Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 260; Thaʿlabī, ''al-Kashf wa l-bayān ʿan tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 127.</ref>

	The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{Ia\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها		The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>
	}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>

	~~Surah Al~~-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{Ia\|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>		Sura al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{inline verse\|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>

	==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==		==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==

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	'''Daḥw al-Arḍ''' (Arabic: {{ia\|دحو الأرض}}), means the expansion or spreading out of the earth. Interpretations vary, with some suggesting the emergence of land from water and others proposing the earth's physical movement.		'''Daḥw al-Arḍ''' (Arabic: {{ia\|دحو الأرض}}), means the expansion or spreading out of the earth. Interpretations vary, with some suggesting the emergence of land from water and others proposing the earth's physical movement.

	Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens ({{ia\|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}). Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.		Surah An-Nazi'at (79), verses 27-33, reference the earth's expansion following the creation of the heavens {{inline verse\|وَ الْأَرْضَ بَعْدَ ذَٰلِكَ دَحَاهَا}}. Some Islamic narrations pinpoint the starting point of this expansion to Mecca or specifically beneath the Ka'ba.

	Some narrations associate Dahw al-Ard with the [[25th of Dhu l-Qa'da]], a day recommended for ablution and fasting due to its reported spiritual rewards.		Some narrations associate Dahw al-Ard with the [[25th of Dhu l-Qa'da]], a day recommended for ablution and fasting due to its reported spiritual rewards.

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	*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].		*Ṭūsī, Muḥammad b. al-Ḥasan al-. ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Edited by Aḥmad Qaṣīr al-ʿĀmilī. Beirut: Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
	{{end}}		{{end}}
			[[Category:Ka'ba]]

	[[ar:دحو الأرض]]		[[ar:دحو الأرض]]
	[[fa:دحو الارض]]		[[fa:دحو الارض]]

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	==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==		==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==
	Some interpreters, relying on verse 96 of Sura Al Imran, where the [[Ka'ba]] is described as the first house established on earth, argue that the expansion of the earth has originated from beneath the Ka'ba. They interpret the verse as a reference to Dahw al-Ard ~~(the spreading of the earth)~~.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 797; Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī,''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 4, p. 583.</ref>		Certain interpretations, referencing Quranic verse 96 of Sura Al Imran (3) which describes the [[Ka'ba]] as the first house built on Earth, propose that the earth's expansion originated beneath the Ka'ba. These scholars equate this notion with the concept of "Dahw al-Ard."
	~~In some~~ narrations~~, it is also mentioned~~ that ~~God created~~ the Ka'ba 2000 years ~~before the spreading of the earth~~.<ref> Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 241; Ṣadūq, ''Al-Amālī'', p. 715.</ref>
	~~According to numerous narrations,~~ the ~~spreading of the earth (dahw~~ al-Ard~~) has~~ originated from [[Mecca~~]] and~~ beneath ~~the house of~~ the Ka'ba.<ref>Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 8, p. 412; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 449-451; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 54, p. 64; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 189; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 241.</ref>
			Some interpreters, relying on verse 96 of Sura Al Imran, where the [[Ka'ba]] is described as the first house established on earth, argue that the expansion of the earth has originated from beneath the Ka'ba. They interpret the verse as a reference to Dahw al-Ard.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 2, p. 797; Abū Ḥayyān Andulusī,''Al-Baḥr al-muḥīṭ fī al-tafsīr'', vol. 4, p. 583.</ref>
			Some narrations posit that the Ka'ba's creation predates the earth's expansion by 2000 years.<ref> Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 190; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 241; Ṣadūq, ''Al-Amālī'', p. 715.</ref> A prevailing perspective suggests that the "Dahw al-Ard," or the earth's expansion, originated from Mecca, specifically beneath the Ka'ba.<ref>Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 8, p. 412; Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī, ''Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa'', vol. 10, p. 449-451; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 54, p. 64; Kulaynī, ''Al-Kāfī'', vol. 4, p. 189; Ṣadūq, ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh'', vol. 2, p. 241.</ref>

	===Umm al-Qura===		===Umm al-Qura===
	In verses 92 of ~~Surah Al~~-An'am and 7 of Surah Al-Shura~~, there is an interpretation of~~ "Umm al-Qura" (Mother of Cities) ~~referring to [[Mecca]]~~. Some ~~commentators have suggested~~ that in the beginning, water covered ~~all the land, and only the place of the Kaaba on a dry hill remained~~. This ~~dryness~~ gradually ~~emerged from around~~ the ~~Ka'ba until~~ it ~~expanded to its current size~~.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 4, p. 201; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 1, p. 115; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-samarqandī al-musammā baḥr al-ʿulūm'', vol. 1, p. 486.</ref>		Quranic verses 92 of Sura al-An'am (6) and 7 of Surah Al-Shura (42) refer to [[Mecca]] as "Umm al-Qura" (Mother of Cities). Some interpretations suggest that in the beginning, Mecca stood as a solitary dry land amidst a water-covered world. This dry expanse gradually expanded, forming the land as we know it today.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 4, p. 201; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 1, p. 115; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-samarqandī al-musammā baḥr al-ʿulūm'', vol. 1, p. 486.</ref> In a narration from Imam Ali, the same concept is mentioned.<ref>''Al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-ʿAskarī'' vol. 7, p. 145; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 54, p. 88.</ref>
	In a narration from Imam Ali, the same concept is mentioned.<ref>''Al-Tafsīr al-mansūb ilā al-Imām al-Ḥasan b. ʿAlī al-ʿAskarī'' vol. 7, p. 145; Majlisī, ''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 54, p. 88.</ref>
	In a narration from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the reason for naming Mecca as Umm al-Qura has been understood to be the spreading of the earth (dahw al-Ard) from Mecca.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 131; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 3, p. 29.</ref>		In a narration from the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the reason for naming Mecca as Umm al-Qura has been understood to be the spreading of the earth (dahw al-Ard) from Mecca.<ref>Ṭūsī, ''Al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 1, p. 131; Suyūṭī, ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr'', vol. 3, p. 29.</ref>
	If the Ka'ba is the ~~first part~~ of ~~the earth that emerged from water~~, it should be the highest point on Earth~~, but it is not~~. ~~In response~~, ~~it is explained~~ that the ~~spreading of the earth occurred~~ millions of years ~~ago, and during this time~~, the ~~Earth has undergone transformations. Mountains have turned~~ into ocean floors, ~~and ocean floors have become mountains~~.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 5, p. 345.</ref>
			A potential contradiction arises from the notion of the Ka'ba as the initial point of land emergence, suggesting it should be the highest point on Earth. To reconcile this, some explain that the Earth's dramatic transformation over millions of years, including the conversion of mountains into ocean floors and vice versa, has altered the planet's topography.<ref>Makārim Shīrāzī, ''Tafsīr-i nimūna'', vol. 5, p. 345.</ref>

	==Notes==		==Notes==

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	*Muʾmin al-Sabziwārī, Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād fī sharḥ al-Irshād''. Tehran: Lithography, 1273-1274 Sh.		*Muʾmin al-Sabziwārī, Muḥammad Bāqir b. Muḥammad al-. ''Dhakhīrat al-maʿād fī sharḥ al-Irshād''. Tehran: Lithography, 1273-1274 Sh.
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	*Nasafī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl, al-musammā bi madārik al-tanzīl wa ḥaqāʾiq al-taʾwīl''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, [n.d].		*Nasafī, ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad. ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl, al-musammā bi madārik al-tanzīl wa ḥaqāʾiq al-taʾwīl''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿArabī, [n.d].
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	*Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān''. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.		*Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī, Ḥusayn b. Muḥammad al-. ''Mufradāt alfāẓ al-Qurʾān''. Damascus: Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.
	*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1404 AH.		*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Man lā yaḥḍuruh al-faqīh''. Edited by ʿAlī Akbar Ghaffārī. Qom: Daftar-i Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1404 AH.
	*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.		*Ṣadūq, Muḥammad b. ʿAlī al-. ''Al-Amālī''. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Biʿtha, 1417 AH.
	*Samarqandī, Naṣr b. Muḥammad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī al-musammā baḥr al-ʿulūm''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.		*Samarqandī, Naṣr b. Muḥammad al-. ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī al-musammā baḥr al-ʿulūm''. Beirut: Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
	*Shaʿrānī, Abu l-Ḥasan, Muḥammad. ''Nathr-i ṭūba''. Tehran: Islāmīyya, 1386 Sh.		*Shaʿrānī, Abu l-Ḥasan, Muḥammad. ''Nathr-i ṭūba''. Tehran: Islāmīyya, 1386 Sh.
	*Shahristānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm. ''Tafsīr al-Shahristānī, al-musammā mafātīḥ al-asrār wa maṣābīḥ al-abrār''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Āzarshab, Tehran: 1376 Sh.		*Shahristānī, Muḥammad b. ʿAbd al-Karīm. ''Tafsīr al-Shahristānī, al-musammā mafātīḥ al-asrār wa maṣābīḥ al-abrār''. Edited by Muḥammad ʿAlī Āzarshab, Tehran: 1376 Sh.
	*Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. ''Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: ~~Muʾassisat~~ al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.		*Shahīd al-Thānī, Zayn al-Dīn b. ʿAlī al-. ''Masālik al-afhām ilā tanqīh sharāyiʿ al-Islām''. 1st edition. Qom: Muʾassasat al-Maʿārif al-Islāmīyya, 1413 AH.
	*Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421AH.		*Suyūṭī, ʿAbd al-Raḥmān b. Abī Bakr al-. ''Al-Durr al-manthūr fī tafsīr al-maʾthūr''. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1421AH.
	*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1412 AH.		*Ṭabarī, Muḥammad b. Jarīr al-. ''Jāmiʿ al-bayān fi tafsīr al-Qurʾān''. Beirut: Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1412 AH.

← Older revision		Revision as of 11:16, 5 March 2025
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	Contemporary Shia scholar, Shahristani offers an alternative interpretation of "Dahw al-Ard." Unlike traditional views of expansion or spreading, he posits that the term refers to the earth's positional and translational movement. Shahristani considers the notion of physical expansion derived from "dahw" to be a misinterpretation.<ref>Shahristānī, ''Islām wa hayʾat'', p. 141-161; Ashraf Ḥasanī, ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha'', p. 55.</ref>		Contemporary Shia scholar, Shahristani offers an alternative interpretation of "Dahw al-Ard." Unlike traditional views of expansion or spreading, he posits that the term refers to the earth's positional and translational movement. Shahristani considers the notion of physical expansion derived from "dahw" to be a misinterpretation.<ref>Shahristānī, ''Islām wa hayʾat'', p. 141-161; Ashraf Ḥasanī, ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha'', p. 55.</ref>

	A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~'', vol. 31, P. 48; Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>		A further interpretation of Dahw al-Ard suggests the earth's preparation for life. This process, according to these scholars, entailed the emergence of subterranean waters, enabling plant growth and establishing stable mountain ranges to overcome environmental challenges.<ref>Fakhr al-Rāzī, ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, P. 48; Ibn Kathīr, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-ʿaẓīm'', vol. 1, p. 123.</ref>

	Given the earth's spherical shape, the concept of material expansion related to Dahw al-Ard is often rejected.<ref>Nasafī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl'', vol. 4, p. 315; Marāghī, ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī'', vol. 30, p. 31-32.</ref> Some scholars instead interpret this term as the enlargement of habitable land areas, as perceived by humans, rather than a global expansion.<ref>Shaʿrānī, ''Nathr-i ṭūba'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref>		Given the earth's spherical shape, the concept of material expansion related to Dahw al-Ard is often rejected.<ref>Nasafī, ''Tafsīr al-Qurʾān al-jalīl'', vol. 4, p. 315; Marāghī, ''Tafsīr al-Marāghī'', vol. 30, p. 31-32.</ref> Some scholars instead interpret this term as the enlargement of habitable land areas, as perceived by humans, rather than a global expansion.<ref>Shaʿrānī, ''Nathr-i ṭūba'', vol. 1, p. 253.</ref>
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	The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>		The Quranic verses 27-33 in Sura al-Nazi'at (79) describe the expansion of the earth following the creation of the heavens. Verse 30 specifically employs the phrase "{{inline verse\|والارض بعد ذلک دحاها}}" (and thereafter He spread the earth) to illustrate this concept.<ref>Ṭabrisī, ''Majmaʿ al-bayān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 660; Samarqandī, ''Tafsīr al-Samarqandī'', vol. 3, p. 522; Baghawī, ''Tafsir al-Baghawī'', vol. 4, p. 444.</ref>

	Sura al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{inline verse\|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>		Sura al-Shams (91), verse 6, includes an oath by "the earth and its expander," using the phrase "{{inline verse\|وَالْأَرْضِ وَمَا طَحَاهَا}}." Some scholars propose that the root of "taha" is "daha," with a linguistic transformation from "dal" to "ta." They interpret "taha" in this context as meaning "expanding," "spreading," or "extending."<ref>Ṭūsī, ''al-Tibyān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'', vol. 10, p. 358; Fakhr al-Rāzī,''al-Tafsīr al-kabīr'', vol. 31, p. 192; Ibn Manẓūr, ''Lisān al-ʿArab'', vol. 15, p. 4; word «طحا».</ref>

	==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==		==Expansion of the Earth from Beneath the Ka'ba==
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	*Baḥrānī, Yūsuf al-. ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira fī aḥkām al-ʿitrat al-ṭāhira''. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Īrawānī and Sayyid ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Muqarram. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1405 AH.		*Baḥrānī, Yūsuf al-. ''Al-Ḥadāʾiq al-nāḍira fī aḥkām al-ʿitrat al-ṭāhira''. Edited by Muḥammad Taqī Īrawānī and Sayyid ʿAbd al-Razzāq al-Muqarram. Qom: Intishārāt-i Islāmī, 1405 AH.
	*Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma''. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh.		*Dihkhudā, ʿAlī Akbar. ''Lughatnāma''. Tehran: Dānishgāh-i Tehrān, 1377 Sh.
	*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-~~Kabīr~~''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.		*Fakhr al-Rāzī, Muḥammad b. al-ʿUmar al-. ''Al-Tafsīr al-kabīr''. Qom: Intishārāt-i Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1413 AH.
	* Ashraf Ḥasanī, Amīr ʿAlī. ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Amīrī, 1380 Sh.		* Ashraf Ḥasanī, Amīr ʿAlī. ''Zamīn wa āsimān dar Qurʾān wa nahj al-balāgha''. Tehran: Amīrī, 1380 Sh.
	*Ḥasanzāda Āmulī, Ḥasan. ''Durūs hayʾat wa dīgar rishtihā-yi rīyāḍī''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1375 Sh.		*Ḥasanzāda Āmulī, Ḥasan. ''Durūs hayʾat wa dīgar rishtihā-yi rīyāḍī''. Qom: Daftar-i Tablīghāt-i Islāmī, 1375 Sh.