Bi'tha - Revision history

Engineer: Text replacement - "Muʾassisa" to "Muʾassasa"

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	* ''Tafsīr-i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 SH.		* ''Tafsīr-i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 SH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr'': Al-Dhahabī (d. 748 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1410 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr'': Al-Dhahabī (d. 748 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1410 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'': Ḥusayn al-Diyār Bakrī (d. 966 AH), Beirut, ~~Muʾassisat~~ Shaʿbān, 1283 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'': Ḥusayn al-Diyār Bakrī (d. 966 AH), Beirut, Muʾassasat Shaʿbān, 1283 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'' (''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk): Al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'' (''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk): Al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.

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	[[Category:History of Islam]]		[[Category:History of Islam]]
			[[Category:The Prophet (s)]]

	[[fa:بعثت]]		[[fa:بعثت]]

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	* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i qabl az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.		* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i qabl az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.
	{{end}}		{{end}}

			[[Category:History of Islam]]

	[[fa:بعثت]]		[[fa:بعثت]]

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	==References==		==References==
	{{References}}		{{References}}
	*''Itḥāf al-warā'': ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Fahd (d. 885 AH), Mecca, Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1408 AH.
	*''Al-Itqān'': al-Suyūṭi (d. 911 AH), Lebanon, Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
	* ''Al-Aṣnām'' (''Tankīs al-aṣnām''): Hishām b. Muḥammad al-Kalbī (d. 204 AH), Tehran, Tābān, 1348 SH.		* ''Al-Aṣnām'' (''Tankīs al-aṣnām''): Hishām b. Muḥammad al-Kalbī (d. 204 AH), Tehran, Tābān, 1348 SH.
	* ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'': Al-Maqrīzī (d. 845 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1420 AH.
	* ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'': Al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
	* ''Al-Awāʾil'': Al-Ṭabarānī (d. 310 AH), ed. by Shukūr, Beirut, Dār al-Furqān, 1403 AH.		* ''Al-Awāʾil'': Al-Ṭabarānī (d. 310 AH), ed. by Shukūr, Beirut, Dār al-Furqān, 1403 AH.
	* ''~~Biḥār al~~-~~anwār~~'': Al-~~Majlisī~~ (d. ~~1110~~ AH)~~, Beirut~~, Dār ~~Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth~~ al-~~ʿArabī~~, ~~1403~~ AH.		* ''Al-ʿAyn'': Al-Khalīl (d. 175 AH), Dār al-Hijra, 1409 AH.
	* ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1408 AH.		* ''Al-Bidāya wa l-nihāya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1408 AH.
	* ''~~Tārīkh al~~-~~Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr~~'': Al-~~Dhahabī~~ (d. ~~748~~ AH), ~~Beirut~~, Dār al-~~Kitāb~~ al-~~ʿArabī~~, ~~1410 AH~~.		* ''Al-Ghadīr'': Al-Amīnī (d. 1390 AH), Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1366 Sh.
	* ''~~Tārīkh al~~-~~khamīs~~'': ~~Ḥusayn~~ al-~~Diyār Bakrī~~ (d. ~~966~~ AH), ~~Beirut~~, ~~Muʾassisat Shaʿbān~~, ~~1283~~ AH.		* ''Al-Itqān'': al-Suyūṭi (d. 911 AH), Lebanon, Dār al-Fikr, 1416 AH.
	* ''~~Tārīkh al~~-~~Ṭabarī~~'' ~~(''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk)~~: Al-~~Ṭabarī~~ (d. ~~310~~ AH)~~, Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.~~		* ''Al-Kāfī'': Al-Kulaynī (d. 329 AH), Tehran, Dār al-Kutub al-Islāmīyya, 1375 Sh.
	* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i Qabl az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran~~, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.~~		* ''Al-Kashhāf'': Al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538 AH), Muṣṭafā al-Bābī, 1385 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār ~~Ṣādir, 1415 AH.~~		* ''Al-Mankhūl'': Al-Ghazālī (d. 505 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, 1419 AH.
	* ''Al-Tahqīq fī Kalimāt al-~~Qurʾān~~ al-~~Karīm'': Al-Muṣṭafawī, Tehran, Wizārat-i Irshād~~, ~~1374~~ Sh.		* ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'': Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī (d. 1402 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1393 AH.
	* ''Al-~~Tafsīr al-Kabīr~~'': Al-~~Fakhr al-Rāzī~~ (d. ~~606~~ AH), ~~Qom, Daftar~~-~~i Tablīghāt~~, ~~1413~~ AH.		* ''Al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-fiqh'': Abū l-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī al-Muʿtazilī (d. 436 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1403 AH.
	* ~~''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'' (~~''Al-~~Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān~~''): Al-~~Qurṭubī~~ (d. ~~671~~ AH), Beirut, Dār ~~Iḥyāʾ~~ al-~~Turāth~~ al-~~ʿArabī~~, ~~1405~~ AH.		* ''Al-Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā'': Qāḍī ʿAyāḍ (d. 544 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1409 AH.
	* ''~~Tafsīr~~-~~i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz~~-~~i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az~~ Qurʾān~~, 1388 SH.~~
	* ''Ḥaqq al-yaqīn'': Al-~~Shubbar~~ (d. ~~1242~~ AH), ~~Tehran~~, Aʿlamī, ~~ʿIrfān, 1352 SH~~.
	* ''~~Rūh~~ al-~~maʿānī~~'': Al-~~Ālūsī~~ (d. ~~1270~~ AH), Beirut, Dār ~~Iḥyāʾ~~ al-~~Turāth~~ al-~~ʿArabī~~.
	* ''~~Subul~~ al-~~Huda~~'': ~~Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Ṣāliḥī~~ (d. ~~942~~ AH), Beirut, Dār al-~~Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya~~, ~~1414~~ AH.
	* ''Al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya'': Al-Ḥalabī (d. 1044 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1400 AH.		* ''Al-Sīra al-Ḥalabīyya'': Al-Ḥalabī (d. 1044 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1400 AH.
	* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Hishām (d. 213/218 AH), Egypt, Maktaba Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ, 1383 AH.		* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Hishām (d. 213/218 AH), Egypt, Maktaba Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ, 1383 AH.
	* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), ed. by Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Wāḥid, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1396 AH.		* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), ed. by Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Wāḥid, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1396 AH.
	* ~~''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq'' (~~''Al-~~Sīyar wa~~ al-~~Maghāzī~~''): ~~Ibn Isḥāq (d. 151 AH), Maʿhad al-Dirāsāt wa l-Abḥāth.~~		* ''Al-Tafsīr al-Kabīr'': Al-Fakhr al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH), Qom, Daftar-i Tablīghāt, 1413 AH.
	* ''Al-~~Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq~~ al-~~Muṣṭafā'': Qāḍī ʿAyāḍ~~ (d. ~~544~~ AH), ~~Beirut~~, ~~Dār al~~-~~Fikr~~, ~~1409~~ AH.		* ''Al-Tahqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm'': Al-Muṣṭafawī, Tehran, Wizārat-i Irshād, 1374 Sh.
	* ''~~Ṣaḥīḥ~~ al-~~Bukhārī~~'': Al-~~Bukhārī (d. 256 AH)~~, ~~Beirut~~, ~~Dār al~~-~~Fikr~~, ~~1401 AH~~.		* ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'': Al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
	* ''Al-~~ʿAyn~~'': Al-~~Khalīl~~ (d. ~~175~~ AH), Dār al-~~Hijra~~, ~~1409~~ AH.		* ''Biḥār al-anwār'': Al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
	* ''Al-~~Ghadīr~~'': Al-~~Amīnī~~ (d. ~~1390~~ AH), ~~Tehran~~, Dār al-~~Kutub~~ al-~~Islāmīyya~~, ~~1366 Sh~~.
	* ''Farhang-i Shīʿa'': Pazhūhishkada-yi Tahqīqāt-i Islāmī, Muḥammad Khaṭībī Kūshkak and others, Qom, Zamzam-i Hidāyat, 1385 Sh.		* ''Farhang-i Shīʿa'': Pazhūhishkada-yi Tahqīqāt-i Islāmī, Muḥammad Khaṭībī Kūshkak and others, Qom, Zamzam-i Hidāyat, 1385 Sh.
	* ''Al-~~Kāfī~~'': Al-~~Kulaynī~~ (d. ~~329~~ AH), ~~Tehran~~, Dār al-Kutub al-~~Islāmīyya~~, ~~1375 Sh~~.		* ''Ḥaqq al-yaqīn'': Al-Shubbar (d. 1242 AH), Tehran, Aʿlamī, ʿIrfān, 1352 SH.
	* ''Al-~~Kashhāf~~'': ~~Al-Zamakhsharī~~ (d. ~~538~~ AH), ~~Muṣṭafā~~ al-~~Bābī~~, ~~1385~~ AH.		* ''Imtāʿ al-asmāʾ'': Al-Maqrīzī (d. 845 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1420 AH.
			* ''Itḥāf al-warā'': ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Fahd (d. 885 AH), Mecca, Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1408 AH.
	* ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'': Al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1415 AH.		* ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'': Al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1415 AH.
	* ''~~Al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl~~ al-~~fiqh~~'': ~~Abū l-Ḥasan al-Baṣrī al-Muʿtazilī (d. 436 AH)~~, ~~Beirut~~, Dār al-~~Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya~~, ~~1403~~ AH.		* ''Min Hudā al-Qurʾān'': Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī Mudarrisī, Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī al-Ḥusayn, 1419 AH.
	* ''Mufradāt'': Al-Rāghib (d. 425 AH), Damascus, Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.		* ''Mufradāt'': Al-Rāghib (d. 425 AH), Damascus, Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.
	* ''Min Hudā al-Qurʾān'': Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī Mudarrisī, Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī al-Ḥusayn, 1419 AH.
	* ''Al-Mankhūl'': Al-Ghazālī (d. 505 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr al-Muʿāṣir, 1419 AH.
	* ''Al-Mīzān fī tafsīr al-Qurʾān'': Al-Ṭabāṭabāʾī (d. 1402 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1393 AH.
	* ''Nahj al-balāgha'' (Sharḥ Abduh): Qom, Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, 1412 AH.		* ''Nahj al-balāgha'' (Sharḥ Abduh): Qom, Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, 1412 AH.
			* ''Rūh al-maʿānī'': Al-Ālūsī (d. 1270 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī.
			* ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'': Al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
			* ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq'' (''Al-Sīyar wa al-Maghāzī''): Ibn Isḥāq (d. 151 AH), Maʿhad al-Dirāsāt wa l-Abḥāth.
			* ''Subul al-Huda'': Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Ṣāliḥī (d. 942 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
			* ''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'' (''Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān''): Al-Qurṭubī (d. 671 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
			* ''Tafsīr-i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 SH.
			* ''Tārīkh al-Islām wa wafayāt al-mashāhīr'': Al-Dhahabī (d. 748 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kitāb al-ʿArabī, 1410 AH.
			* ''Tārīkh al-khamīs'': Ḥusayn al-Diyār Bakrī (d. 966 AH), Beirut, Muʾassisat Shaʿbān, 1283 AH.
			* ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'' (''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk): Al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.
			* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.
			* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i Qabl az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.
	{{end}}		{{end}}

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	There are several perspectives on the religious beliefs of Prophet Muhammad (s) before his prophetic mission began. Some scholars suggest that he did not follow any specific religious law during that period.<ref>''Al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 276. ''Subul al-Huda'', Vol. 8, pp. 70-71. ''Al-Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 2, p. 148.</ref> Others remain neutral on the issue, refraining from making a conclusive statement.<ref>''Al-Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 2, p. 148; ''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 319; ''Al-Ahkam'', vol. 4, p. 137; ''Al-Dhari'a'', vol. 2, p. 597; ''Al-Ibtihaj'', vol. 2, p. 275.</ref> Another viewpoint holds that the Prophet may have followed the religious teachings of earlier prophets, such as [[Noah]],<ref>''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 318</ref> [[Abraham]],<ref>''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 209.</ref> Moses,<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57; ''Al-Mustasfa'', vol. 1, p. 165.</ref> Jesus,<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57; ''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 319.</ref> or a group of prophets,<ref>''Rūh al-maʿānī'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> or that he adhered to a righteous but undefined shari'a.<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref>		There are several perspectives on the religious beliefs of Prophet Muhammad (s) before his prophetic mission began. Some scholars suggest that he did not follow any specific religious law during that period.<ref>''Al-Muʿtamad fī uṣūl al-fiqh'', vol. 1, p. 276. ''Subul al-Huda'', Vol. 8, pp. 70-71. ''Al-Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 2, p. 148.</ref> Others remain neutral on the issue, refraining from making a conclusive statement.<ref>''Al-Shifāʾ bi-taʿrīf ḥuqūq al-Muṣṭafā'', vol. 2, p. 148; ''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 319; ''Al-Ahkam'', vol. 4, p. 137; ''Al-Dhari'a'', vol. 2, p. 597; ''Al-Ibtihaj'', vol. 2, p. 275.</ref> Another viewpoint holds that the Prophet may have followed the religious teachings of earlier prophets, such as [[Noah]],<ref>''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 318</ref> [[Abraham]],<ref>''Majmaʿ al-bayān'', vol. 6, p. 209.</ref> Moses,<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57; ''Al-Mustasfa'', vol. 1, p. 165.</ref> Jesus,<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57; ''Al-Mankhūl'', p. 319.</ref> or a group of prophets,<ref>''Rūh al-maʿānī'', vol. 7, p. 217.</ref> or that he adhered to a righteous but undefined shari'a.<ref>''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'', vol. 16, p. 57.</ref>

	It is said that the angel of revelation spoke with Muhammad (s) before Bi'tha.<ref>''Ḥaqq al-yaqīn'', vol. 1, p. 179.</ref> The Prophet of Islam held the position of prophethood before the age of forty<ref>''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 26, p. 75; vol. 18, p. 278.</ref>, and religious rulings were revealed to him, and he worshiped God in the same way.<ref>''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 18, p. 278.</ref> When he saw the angel of revelation at the age of forty, he was obliged to preach the new Sharia.<ref>'Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 254.</ref>		It is said that the angel of revelation spoke with Muhammad (s) before Bi'tha.<ref>''Ḥaqq al-yaqīn'', vol. 1, p. 179.</ref> The Prophet of Islam held the position of prophethood before the age of forty<ref>''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 26, p. 75; vol. 18, p. 278.</ref>, and religious rulings were revealed to him, and he worshiped God in the same way.<ref>''Biḥār al-anwār'', vol. 18, p. 278.</ref> When he saw the angel of revelation at the age of forty, he was obliged to preach the new Sharia.<ref>''Tārīkh al-khamīs'', vol. 1, p. 254.</ref>

	==Objectives of Bi'tha==		==Objectives of Bi'tha==

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Concept

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	== Concept ==		== Concept ==
	The term Bi'tha originates from the Arabic root letters "ب-ع-ث" (b-'a-th), which carry the meanings of "to send forth," " to raise," or "to dispatch." This root encapsulates the dual notions of selection and mission, emphasizing the idea of appointing someone for a specific purpose.
	In Islamic theology, Bi'tha specifically refers to God's divine appointment of prophets to guide humankind. This concept is supported by several Quranic verses, such as verse 36 of Sura An-Nahl and verse 15 of Sura Al-Isra, where God speaks of sending prophets to deliver His message and the consequences faced by those who reject it.

	Bi'tha, derived from the root "ba-'ayn-tha",<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 132, the term "Ba'th/بعث"</ref> signifies sending,<ref>Al-'Ayn, Volume 2, p. 112, the term "Ba'atha/ بعث"</ref> awakening,<ref>Al-Tahqiq, Volume 1, p. 295, the term "Ba'atha"</ref> or dispatching.<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 133		Bi'tha, derived from the root "ba-'ayn-tha",<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 132, the term "Ba'th/بعث"</ref> signifies sending,<ref>Al-'Ayn, Volume 2, p. 112, the term "Ba'atha/ بعث"</ref> awakening,<ref>Al-Tahqiq, Volume 1, p. 295, the term "Ba'atha"</ref> or dispatching.<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 133

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	== Concept ==		== Concept ==
	The term Bi'tha originates from the Arabic root letters "ب-ع-ث" (b-'a-th), which carry the meanings of "to send forth," " to raise," or "to dispatch." This root encapsulates the dual notions of selection and mission, emphasizing the idea of appointing someone for a specific purpose.		The term Bi'tha originates from the Arabic root letters "ب-ع-ث" (b-'a-th), which carry the meanings of "to send forth," " to raise," or "to dispatch." This root encapsulates the dual notions of selection and mission, emphasizing the idea of appointing someone for a specific purpose.
	In Islamic theology, Bi'tha specifically refers to God's divine appointment of prophets to guide humankind. This concept is supported by several Quranic verses, such as verse 36 of ~~Surah~~ An-Nahl and verse 15 of ~~Surah~~ Al-Isra, where God speaks of sending prophets to deliver His message and the consequences faced by those who reject it.		In Islamic theology, Bi'tha specifically refers to God's divine appointment of prophets to guide humankind. This concept is supported by several Quranic verses, such as verse 36 of Sura An-Nahl and verse 15 of Sura Al-Isra, where God speaks of sending prophets to deliver His message and the consequences faced by those who reject it.

	Bi'tha, derived from the root "ba-'ayn-tha",<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 132, the term "Ba'th/بعث"</ref> signifies sending,<ref>Al-'Ayn, Volume 2, p. 112, the term "Ba'atha/ بعث"</ref> awakening,<ref>Al-Tahqiq, Volume 1, p. 295, the term "Ba'atha"</ref> or dispatching.<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 133		Bi'tha, derived from the root "ba-'ayn-tha",<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 132, the term "Ba'th/بعث"</ref> signifies sending,<ref>Al-'Ayn, Volume 2, p. 112, the term "Ba'atha/ بعث"</ref> awakening,<ref>Al-Tahqiq, Volume 1, p. 295, the term "Ba'atha"</ref> or dispatching.<ref>Mufradat, Volume 1, p. 133
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	== Hijaz Before Bi'tha ==		== Hijaz Before Bi'tha ==
	The [[Quran]] describes the state of affairs before the Prophet's mission as "clear misguidance."<ref>~~Surah~~ Al-Jumua, Verse 2</ref> This era is referred to in Islamic sources as the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyya). According to [[Imam Ali (a)]], people were religiously fragmented and scattered; some likened God to phenomena, while others attributed valuable names and virtuous attributes to idols.<ref>Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 1</ref> The most common practice among the Arabs was idol worship, and it was so popular that the number of idols quickly increased, and up to 360 idols were installed and maintained in the [[Ka'ba]]. The idols of Manat,<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 13</ref> Lat,<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 16</ref> Uzza,<ref>''Tarikh-i 'Arab-i qabl az Islam'', p. 379</ref> and Hubal<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 27</ref> held a high position among the polytheists. In addition to idol worship, [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Dualism]] were among the common religions among the Arabs at the time of the Prophet's mission.		The [[Quran]] describes the state of affairs before the Prophet's mission as "clear misguidance."<ref>Sura Al-Jumua, Verse 2</ref> This era is referred to in Islamic sources as the Age of Ignorance (Jahiliyya). According to [[Imam Ali (a)]], people were religiously fragmented and scattered; some likened God to phenomena, while others attributed valuable names and virtuous attributes to idols.<ref>Nahj al-Balagha, Sermon 1</ref> The most common practice among the Arabs was idol worship, and it was so popular that the number of idols quickly increased, and up to 360 idols were installed and maintained in the [[Ka'ba]]. The idols of Manat,<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 13</ref> Lat,<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 16</ref> Uzza,<ref>''Tarikh-i 'Arab-i qabl az Islam'', p. 379</ref> and Hubal<ref>Al-Asnam, p. 27</ref> held a high position among the polytheists. In addition to idol worship, [[Judaism]], [[Christianity]], and [[Dualism]] were among the common religions among the Arabs at the time of the Prophet's mission.

	=== Propehecies of Bi'tha ===		=== Propehecies of Bi'tha ===
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	It is said that the angel of revelation spoke with Muhammad (s) before Bi'tha.<ref>''Haqq al-yaqin'', vol. 1, p. 179.</ref> The Prophet of Islam held the position of prophethood before the age of forty<ref>''''Bihar al-anwar'''', vol. 26, p. 75; vol. 18, p. 278.</ref>, and religious rulings were revealed to him, and he worshiped God in the same way.<ref>''Bihar al-anwar'', vol. 18, p. 278.</ref> When he saw the angel of revelation at the age of forty, he was obliged to preach the new Sharia.<ref>Tarikh al-Khamis, vol. 1, p. 254.</ref>		It is said that the angel of revelation spoke with Muhammad (s) before Bi'tha.<ref>''Haqq al-yaqin'', vol. 1, p. 179.</ref> The Prophet of Islam held the position of prophethood before the age of forty<ref>''''Bihar al-anwar'''', vol. 26, p. 75; vol. 18, p. 278.</ref>, and religious rulings were revealed to him, and he worshiped God in the same way.<ref>''Bihar al-anwar'', vol. 18, p. 278.</ref> When he saw the angel of revelation at the age of forty, he was obliged to preach the new Sharia.<ref>Tarikh al-Khamis, vol. 1, p. 254.</ref>

	==Objectives of ~~Prophethood~~==		==Objectives of Bi'tha==
	The ~~Holy Qur'an outlines several key objectives for~~ the ~~sending~~ of prophets~~. One primary goal is~~ to ~~fulfill~~ God's ~~argument against humankind~~, ~~ensuring~~ that ~~no one can claim ignorance of divine guidance~~.<ref>~~Surah An~~-Nisa~~, verse~~ 165; Min ~~Huda~~ al-Qur'an, vol. 2, p. 257; Tafsir al-~~Noor~~, vol. 2, p. 213.</ref> ~~The following objectives and purposes are also highlighted in various Qur'anic~~ verses and ~~narrations include:~~		The Quran considers one of the purposes of the prophets' mission to be the completion of God's proof to the people, so that they do not say: We did not have a leader and guide and we did not know.<ref>Sura al-Nisa:165; ''Min huda al-Qur'an'', vol. 2, p. 257; ''Tafsir al-Nur'', vol. 2, p. 213.</ref> According to verses and hadiths, education and training<ref>Sura al-Jumu'a:2.</ref> and resolving the disagreements of people,<ref>''Al-Mizan'', vol. 2, pp. 131-132.</ref> fair judgment among them<ref>''Al-Mizan'', vol. 3, p. 198.</ref> and the liberation of human beings from the clutches of the oppressors<ref>''Al-Kafi'', vol. 8, p. 386; ''Al-Mizan'', vol. 12, p. 243.</ref> are considered other purposes and wisdoms of the mission of the prophets.
	~~# Education and Guidance: To impart knowledge~~ and ~~provide moral and spiritual instruction to the people.~~<ref>~~Surah Al~~-Jumu'~~ah, verse~~ 2.</ref>
	~~# Resolution~~ of ~~Disputes: To mediate and resolve conflicts among individuals and communities.~~<ref>Al-Mizan, vol. 2, pp. 131-132.</ref>
	~~# Just Judgement: To deliver~~ fair ~~and impartial decisions in matters of justice.~~<ref>Al-Mizan, vol. 3, p. 198.</ref>
	~~# Freedom from Oppression: To emancipate people~~ from the ~~tyranny and exploitation~~ of ~~oppressive rulers.~~<ref>Al-Kafi, vol. 8, p. 386; Al-Mizan, vol. 12, p. 243.</ref>

	== ~~'''The~~ Events of ~~the Prophethood''~~' ==		== Events of Bi'tha ==
	Around 40 years after the [[Year of the Elephant]], the Prophet Muhammad (s) was divinely appointed by God to lead humankind.<ref>Imta' al-Asma', vol. 1, p. 32; Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 24; Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, vol. 2, p. 321.</ref> According to widely accepted reports, the initiation of his prophethood and the first revelation occurred when he was 40 years old,<ref>Tarikh al-Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 22.</ref> although some sources suggest it happened when he was 43.<ref>Sirat Ibn Ishaq, p. 114.</ref>		Around 40 years after the [[Year of the Elephant]], the Prophet Muhammad (s) was divinely appointed by God to lead humankind.<ref>Imta' al-Asma', vol. 1, p. 32; Tarikh al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 24; Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya, vol. 2, p. 321.</ref> According to widely accepted reports, the initiation of his prophethood and the first revelation occurred when he was 40 years old,<ref>Tarikh al-Yaqoubi, vol. 2, p. 22.</ref> although some sources suggest it happened when he was 43.<ref>Sirat Ibn Ishaq, p. 114.</ref>
	Narratives about the first revelation differ among various companions, leading to some inconsistencies in the details. Nonetheless, a consistent element across these reports is that the first divine revelation began with the descent of several verses of the Holy Qur'an while the Prophet was in seclusion in the [[Cave of Hira]] for worship and reflection.<ref>Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya, by Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 154; Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 2, pp. 48-49.</ref><ref>Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 2, p. 47.</ref><ref>Ansāb al-Ashrāf, vol. 1, pp. 104-105.</ref> Additionally, some accounts describe the initial phase of this divine communication as the Prophet receiving truthful dreams prior to his formal appointment as a prophet.<ref>Sahīh al-Bukhārī, vol. 1, p. 3.</ref>		Narratives about the first revelation differ among various companions, leading to some inconsistencies in the details. Nonetheless, a consistent element across these reports is that the first divine revelation began with the descent of several verses of the Holy Qur'an while the Prophet was in seclusion in the [[Cave of Hira]] for worship and reflection.<ref>Al-Sira al-Nabawiyya, by Ibn Hisham, vol. 1, p. 154; Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 2, pp. 48-49.</ref><ref>Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī, vol. 2, p. 47.</ref><ref>Ansāb al-Ashrāf, vol. 1, pp. 104-105.</ref> Additionally, some accounts describe the initial phase of this divine communication as the Prophet receiving truthful dreams prior to his formal appointment as a prophet.<ref>Sahīh al-Bukhārī, vol. 1, p. 3.</ref>
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	For most Shia Muslims, the 27th of Rajab is observed as the Day of Bi'tha,<ref>Bihār al-Anwār, j. 18, p. 190; al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī, j. 2, p. 64-65.</ref> while Sunni Muslims commemorate it on the 17th of [[Ramadhan]].<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, p. 158; al-Ṭabaqāt, j. 1, p. 193-194.</ref> This day marks the initiation of the prophetic mission of Prophet Muhammad (S), a pivotal and crucial event in the history of Islam. It is reported that [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] once suggested that the [[bi'thah]] should serve as the starting point of the Islamic calendar. However, this proposal was not accepted. Instead, on the recommendation of [[Ali (a.s)]], the Prophet's migration ([[Hijrah]]) was chosen as the defining moment to begin the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī, j. 2, p. 145.</ref>		For most Shia Muslims, the 27th of Rajab is observed as the Day of Bi'tha,<ref>Bihār al-Anwār, j. 18, p. 190; al-Ṣaḥīḥ min Sīrat al-Nabī, j. 2, p. 64-65.</ref> while Sunni Muslims commemorate it on the 17th of [[Ramadhan]].<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, p. 158; al-Ṭabaqāt, j. 1, p. 193-194.</ref> This day marks the initiation of the prophetic mission of Prophet Muhammad (S), a pivotal and crucial event in the history of Islam. It is reported that [[Umar ibn al-Khattab]] once suggested that the [[bi'thah]] should serve as the starting point of the Islamic calendar. However, this proposal was not accepted. Instead, on the recommendation of [[Ali (a.s)]], the Prophet's migration ([[Hijrah]]) was chosen as the defining moment to begin the [[Islamic calendar]].<ref>Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī, j. 2, p. 145.</ref>
	== The First Revealed Verses ==		== The First Revealed Verses ==
	It is widely narrated that the first five verses of ~~Surah~~ Al-Alaq were the initial revelations to Prophet Muhammad (S).<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, p. 155; Tafsīr Qummī, j. 2, p. 428.</ref> However, some sources suggest that the first revealed verses originated from ~~Surah~~ Al-Muddaththir,<ref>Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, j. 6, p. 74; al-Awāʾil, p. 43.</ref> while others contend that ~~Surah~~ Al-Fatiha was the first revelation.<ref>Al-Kashāf, j. 4, p. 270; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, j. 10, p. 398; al-Ittqān, j. 1, p. 77.</ref>		It is widely narrated that the first five verses of Sura Al-Alaq were the initial revelations to Prophet Muhammad (S).<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, p. 155; Tafsīr Qummī, j. 2, p. 428.</ref> However, some sources suggest that the first revealed verses originated from Sura Al-Muddaththir,<ref>Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, j. 6, p. 74; al-Awāʾil, p. 43.</ref> while others contend that Sura Al-Fatiha was the first revelation.<ref>Al-Kashāf, j. 4, p. 270; Majmaʿ al-Bayān, j. 10, p. 398; al-Ittqān, j. 1, p. 77.</ref>
	== The First Believers ==		== The First Believers ==
	With the revelation of the first divine verses, Prophet Muhammad (s) embarked on his prophetic mission. His wife, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid al-Asadi, was the first woman to accept Islam, a fact universally acknowledged by historians.<ref>Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī, j. 2, p. 23.</ref> According to the prevailing consensus among both [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]] scholars,<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabiyyah, j. 1, p. 382.</ref> the first man to embrace Islam was [[Imam Ali]] (a.s).<ref>Al-Ghadīr, j. 3, s. 95; Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, s. 162.</ref>		With the revelation of the first divine verses, Prophet Muhammad (s) embarked on his prophetic mission. His wife, Khadijah bint Khuwaylid al-Asadi, was the first woman to accept Islam, a fact universally acknowledged by historians.<ref>Tārīkh Yaʿqūbī, j. 2, p. 23.</ref> According to the prevailing consensus among both [[Shia]] and [[Sunni]] scholars,<ref>Al-Sīrah al-Ḥalabiyyah, j. 1, p. 382.</ref> the first man to embrace Islam was [[Imam Ali]] (a.s).<ref>Al-Ghadīr, j. 3, s. 95; Al-Sīrah al-Nabawiyyah, Ibn Hishām, j. 1, s. 162.</ref>

← Older revision		Revision as of 14:19, 3 March 2025
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	* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Hishām (d. 213/218 AH), Egypt, Maktaba Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ, 1383 AH.		* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Hishām (d. 213/218 AH), Egypt, Maktaba Muḥammad ʿAlī Ṣabīḥ, 1383 AH.
	* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), ed. by Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Wāḥid, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1396 AH.		* ''Al-Sīra al-Nabawīyya'': Ibn Kathīr (d. 774 AH), ed. by Muṣṭafā ʿAbd al-Wāḥid, Beirut, Dār al-Maʿrifa, 1396 AH.
	* ''Al-Tafsīr ~~al-Kabīr~~'': Al-Fakhr al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH), Qom, Daftar-i Tablīghāt, 1413 AH.		* ''Al-Tafsīr alkabīr'': Al-Fakhr al-Rāzī (d. 606 AH), Qom, Daftar-i Tablīghāt, 1413 AH.
	* ''Al-Tahqīq fī ~~Kalimāt~~ al-Qurʾān al-~~Karīm~~'': Al-Muṣṭafawī, Tehran, Wizārat-i Irshād, 1374 Sh.		* ''Al-Tahqīq fī kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-karīm'': Al-Muṣṭafawī, Tehran, Wizārat-i Irshād, 1374 Sh.
	* ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'': Al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.		* ''Ansāb al-ashrāf'': Al-Balādhurī (d. 279 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1417 AH.
	* ''Biḥār al-anwār'': Al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.		* ''Biḥār al-anwār'': Al-Majlisī (d. 1110 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1403 AH.
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	* ''Itḥāf al-warā'': ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Fahd (d. 885 AH), Mecca, Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1408 AH.		* ''Itḥāf al-warā'': ʿUmar b. Muḥammad b. Fahd (d. 885 AH), Mecca, Jāmiʿat Umm al-Qurā, 1408 AH.
	* ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'': Al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1415 AH.		* ''Majmaʿ al-bayān'': Al-Ṭabrisī (d. 548 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1415 AH.
	* ''Min ~~Hudā~~ al-Qurʾān'': Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī Mudarrisī, Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī al-Ḥusayn, 1419 AH.		* ''Min hudā al-Qurʾān'': Sayyid Muḥammad Taqī Mudarrisī, Tehran, Dār Muḥibbī al-Ḥusayn, 1419 AH.
	* ''Mufradāt'': Al-Rāghib (d. 425 AH), Damascus, Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.		* ''Mufradāt'': Al-Rāghib (d. 425 AH), Damascus, Dār al-Qalam, 1412 AH.
	* ''Nahj al-balāgha'' (Sharḥ Abduh): Qom, Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, 1412 AH.		* ''Nahj al-balāgha'' (Sharḥ Abduh): Qom, Dār al-Dhakhāʾir, 1412 AH.
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	* ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'': Al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.		* ''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī'': Al-Bukhārī (d. 256 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
	* ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq'' (''Al-Sīyar wa al-Maghāzī''): Ibn Isḥāq (d. 151 AH), Maʿhad al-Dirāsāt wa l-Abḥāth.		* ''Sīra Ibn Isḥāq'' (''Al-Sīyar wa al-Maghāzī''): Ibn Isḥāq (d. 151 AH), Maʿhad al-Dirāsāt wa l-Abḥāth.
	* ''Subul al-~~Huda~~'': Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Ṣāliḥī (d. 942 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.		* ''Subul al-huda'': Muḥammad b. Yūsuf al-Ṣāliḥī (d. 942 AH), Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīyya, 1414 AH.
	* ''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'' (''Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān''): Al-Qurṭubī (d. 671 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.		* ''Tafsīr al-Qurṭubī'' (''Al-Jāmiʿ li-aḥkām al-Qurʾān''): Al-Qurṭubī (d. 671 AH), Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth al-ʿArabī, 1405 AH.
	* ''Tafsīr-i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 SH.		* ''Tafsīr-i nūr'': Muḥsin Qarāʾatī, Tehran, Markaz-i Farhangī-yi Dars-hā-yi az Qurʾān, 1388 SH.
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	* ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'' (''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk): Al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-Ṭabarī'' (''Tārīkh al-umam wa l-mulūk): Al-Ṭabarī (d. 310 AH), Beirut, Aʿlamī, 1403 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.		* ''Tārīkh al-Yaʿqūbī'': Aḥmad b. Yaʿqūb (d. 292 AH), Beirut, Dār Ṣādir, 1415 AH.
	* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i ~~Qabl~~ az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.		* ''Tārīkh-i ʿArab-i qabl az Islām'': ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Sālim, trans. Ṣadrīnīyā, Tehran, ʿIlmī wa Farhangī, 1380 Sh.
	{{end}}		{{end}}

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