Al-Haramayn - Revision history

Pourghorbani at 10:14, 21 January 2026

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	'''Al-Haramayn''' refers to the two sanctuaries of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. The [[Al-Haram Al-Makki]] encompasses an area of the city of Mecca, and the [[Al-Haram Al- Madani\|Al-Haram Al- Madani]] encompasses an area of the city of Medina. They are called "Haramayn" due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain acts within them. They also share virtues and rulings in Islam; for example, the reward for performing prayer in the two Harams is a thousand times greater than in other places, and cutting trees there is forbidden.		'''Al-Haramayn''' refers to the two sanctuaries of [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. The [[Al-Haram Al-Makki]] encompasses an area of the city of Mecca, and the [[Al-Haram Al- Madani\|Al-Haram Al- Madani]] encompasses an area of the city of [[Medina]]. They are called "Haramayn" due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain acts within them. They also share virtues and rulings in Islam; for example, the reward for performing prayer in the two Harams is a thousand times greater than in other places, and cutting trees there is forbidden.

	The Meccan and Medinan Harams also differ in certain rulings; for instance, entering the Prophet’s Haram does not require donning the [[Ihram]]. Considering the characteristics of each Haram, there is disagreement regarding which one is superior to the other.		The Meccan and Medinan Harams also differ in certain rulings; for instance, entering the Prophet’s Haram does not require donning the [[Ihram]]. Considering the characteristics of each Haram, there is disagreement regarding which one is superior to the other.

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Terminology

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	==Terminology==		==Terminology==

	The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref> The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>		The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>

			The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>

	==Al-Haram Al-Makki==		==Al-Haram Al-Makki==

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Terminology

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	==Terminology==		==Terminology==

	The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>		The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref> The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>

	The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>

	==Al-Haram Al-Makki==		==Al-Haram Al-Makki==

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Al-Haram Al-Makki

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	In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)\|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)\|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>		In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)\|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)\|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>

	There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>		There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref> Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>

	Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>

	According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>		According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>

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Shared Virtues

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	==Shared Virtues==		==Shared Virtues==

	According to Shia narrations, the value of prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques is equivalent to a thousand prayers elsewhere.<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq), " Al-Khaṣāl al-Maḥmūda wa al-Madhmūma", p. 628.</ref>		According to Shia narrations, the value of prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques is equivalent to a thousand prayers elsewhere.<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq), " Al-Khaṣāl al-Maḥmūda wa al-Madhmūma", p. 628.</ref> And whoever dies in one of the Two Sacred Mosques is considered a "muhajir ila Allah" (one who has migrated for the sake of God).<ref>Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummī, " Kāmil al-Ziyārāt", p. 44; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 387.</ref> And is safe from punishment.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 558; Dārghotnī, ''Sunan dārghotnī'', vol. 2; p. 244; al-Rāwandī, "Al-Daʿawāt", p. 241.</ref>

	And whoever dies in one of the Two Sacred Mosques is considered a "muhajir ila Allah" (one who has migrated for the sake of God).<ref>Ibn Qulawayh al-Qummī, " Kāmil al-Ziyārāt", p. 44; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 387.</ref> And is safe from punishment.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 558; Dārghotnī, ''Sunan dārghotnī'', vol. 2; p. 244; al-Rāwandī, "Al-Daʿawāt", p. 241.</ref>

	==Shared Rulings==		==Shared Rulings==

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Shared Rulings

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	==Shared Rulings==		==Shared Rulings==

	• According to a group of Shia narrations, performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques carries virtue.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 524; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa)" , vol. 8, p. 526/533.</ref>		• According to a group of Shia narrations, performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques carries virtue.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 524; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa)" , vol. 8, p. 526/533.</ref> Some Shia jurists have considered performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques as recommended (mustahabb).<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 425; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 444; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 330.</ref> And some have issued a ruling allowing a choice between performing the prayer in shortened form or in full.<ref>ʿAlawī ʿĀmilī , "Manāhij al-Akhyār fī Sharḥ al-Istibsār" , vol. 3, p. 695; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 329.</ref> Among jurists, there is disagreement regarding the boundaries for performing the full prayer in the two cities of Mecca and Medina.<ref> Imām Khomeinī, " Manāsik Ḥajj (Maḥshī" , p. 486; Ibn Idrīs (d. 598 AH). Al-Sarāʾir al-Ḥāwī li Taḥrīr al-Fatāwā" , vol. 1, p. 342; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī ,"Al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā", vol. 3, p. 516. </ref>

	Some Shia jurists have considered performing the full prayer in the Two Sacred Mosques as recommended (mustahabb).<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 425; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 444; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 330.</ref>


	And some have issued a ruling allowing a choice between performing the prayer in shortened form or in full.<ref>ʿAlawī ʿĀmilī , "Manāhij al-Akhyār fī Sharḥ al-Istibsār" , vol. 3, p. 695; Najafī , " Jawāhir al-Kalām fī Sharḥ Sharāʾiʿ al-Islām. ", vol. 14, p. 329.</ref>

	Among jurists, there is disagreement regarding the boundaries for performing the full prayer in the two cities of Mecca and Medina.<ref> Imām Khomeinī, " Manāsik Ḥajj (Maḥshī" , p. 486; Ibn Idrīs (d. 598 AH). Al-Sarāʾir al-Ḥāwī li Taḥrīr al-Fatāwā" , vol. 1, p. 342; Ṭabāṭabāʾī Yazdī ,"Al-ʿUrwa al-Wuthqā", vol. 3, p. 516. </ref>

	• Leaving the Two Sacred Mosques before sunrise and before performing the Dhuhr prayer is disliked.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 17/543; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 452; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 447; Ḥillī , "Taḥrīr al-Aḥkām al-Sharʿiyya ʿalā Madhhab al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 116/882.</ref>		• Leaving the Two Sacred Mosques before sunrise and before performing the Dhuhr prayer is disliked.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 17/543; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 452; Ḥillī , "Tadhkirat al-Fuqahāʾ", vol. 8, p. 447; Ḥillī , "Taḥrīr al-Aḥkām al-Sharʿiyya ʿalā Madhhab al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 116/882.</ref>

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Al-Haram Al-Madani

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	==Al-Haram Al-Madani==		==Al-Haram Al-Madani==
	[[file:محدوده حرم مدنی.PNG\|~~Thumbnail~~\| The area of Al-Haram Al-Madani lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr.]]]]		[[file:محدوده حرم مدنی.PNG\|thumbnail\| The area of Al-Haram Al-Madani lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr.]]]]

	[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>		[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>

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Al-Haram Al-Makki

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	==Al-Haram Al-Makki==		==Al-Haram Al-Makki==
	[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg\|~~Thumbnail~~\|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>		[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg\|thumbnail\|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>

	The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>		The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>

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	• According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>		• According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>

	==Superiority of the Haramayn (Which Haram is Superior?)		==Superiority of the Haramayn (Which Haram is Superior?)==

	Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>		Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

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	==Terminology==		==Terminology==

	The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref>		The term "Ḥaramayn" (the two sanctuaries) is the dual form of "Ḥaram".<ref>Muṣṭafawī ," Al-Taḥqīq fī Kalimāt al-Qurʾān al-Karīm " ,vol. 2, p. 204.</ref> And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>
	And in lexicons, it has meant “being forbidden” or “prohibited”.<ref>al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 229; Ibn Manẓūr , " Lisān al-ʿArab " ,vol. 12, p. 122.</ref> And in terminology, it refers to the Meccan and Medinan Harams.<ref>ibn. Duraid , " Jamhara al-Lugha ", p. 390-391; al-Ḥamawī , "Muʿjam al-Buldān " ,vol. 2, p. 243.</ref>

	The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>		The reason they are called " Al-Haramayn (sanctuaries) is due to their sanctity and respect, as well as the prohibition of certain things within them.<ref>b. Fāris ,"Muʿjam Maqāyīs al-Lugha" ,vol. 2, p. 45; al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī , "Mufradāt Alfāẓ al-Qurʾān " , p. 230. </ref>

	==Al-Haram Al-Makki==		==Al-Haram Al-Makki==
	[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg\|Thumbnail\|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of Mecca, which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>		[[file:نقشه محدوده حرم.jpg\|Thumbnail\|The area of Meccan Haram]] The Meccan Haram is an area of the city of [[Mecca]], which in Islam has special rulings, such as the prohibition of cutting trees,<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 230-231; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 5, p. 379-380; al-Nasāʾī ," Sunan al-Nasāʾī " ,vol. 5, p. 211.</ref> The prohibition of a non-Muslim entering<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 2, p. 47; al-Miqdād , " Kanz al-ʿIrfān fī Fiqh al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 1, p. 46; al-Shāfiʿī , " Al-Um " ,vol. 1, p. 71./ vol. 4, p. 187; b. Ḥazm , " Al-Muḥallā bi al-Āthār" ,vol. 4, p. 243.</ref> and the increase of the blood money for murder.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Mabsūṭ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya" ,vol. 7, p. 116-117; Muḥaqqiq Ḥillī ," Al-Mukhtaṣar al-Nāfiʿ fī Fiqh al-Imāmiyya (al-Nāfiʿ fī Mukhtaṣar al-Sharāʾiʿ)" ,vol. 2, p. 302.</ref>

	The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>		The Al-Haram Al-Makki is considered a place of Haram; therefore, a person seeking refuge in the Haram, even if they are a criminal, is safe as long as they remain within the sanctuary, except if they commit a crime inside the Haram.<ref>al-Ṭūsī , " Al-Tibyān fī Tafsīr al-Qurʾān " ,vol. 2, p. 537; al-Mashhadī , "Kanz al-Daqāʾiq " ,vol. 3, p. 171.</ref>

	In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref>		In the narrations, regarding the history of [[Mecca]] becoming a Haram, there are three categories of narrations, tracing back to the period of the “creation of the heavens and the earth.<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 214; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 225; b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 245-246</ref> “After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)\|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)\|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref> Some have combined these three together.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>

	“After the descent of [[Adam (Prophet)\|Prophet Adam(a)]].<ref>b. Bābawayh , "Man Lā Yaḥḍuruhu al-Faqīh " ,vol. 2, p. 192; al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 195; al-Ḥurr al-ʿĀmilī , "Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa (Tafṣīl Wasāʾil al-Shīʿa ilā Taḥṣīl Masāʾil al-Sharīʿa" ,vol. 13, p. 221; al-Azraqī , " Akhbār Makkah wa Mā Jāʾa Fīhā min al-Āthār" ,vol. 1, p. 37-38; al-Fāsī , " Al-Zuhūr al-Muqṭaṭafa min Tārīkh Makkah al-Musharrafah", p. 33; al-Fāsī , " Shifāʾ al-Gharām bi Akhbār al-Balad al-Ḥarām", vol. 1, p. 105.</ref> And "The Era of [[Abraham (a)\|Prophet Ibrahim(a)]]<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol.3, p. 224-225; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 112-118.</ref>		There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī, "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>

	It refers to this. Some have combined these three together<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 4, p. 189.</ref> The narrations have stated that the reason for Mecca becoming sacred is the [[Ka'ba]].<ref>b. Bābawayh (Shaykh Ṣaduq) ,ʿ"Ilal al-Sharāʾiʿ wa al-Aḥkām",vol. 2, p. 415; b. Khālid al-Barqī ," Al-Maḥāsin " , vol. 2, p. 330; al-Majlisī , " Biḥār al-Anwār al-Jāmiʿa li Durar Akhbār al-Aʾimma al-Aṭhār. " ,vol. 96, p. 43-44.</ref>

	There is disagreement regarding the exact boundaries of the sacred area of [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Māwardī , "Al-Aḥkām al-Sulṭāniyya wa al-Wilāyāt al-Dīniyya" , vol. 2, p.164-165; al-Ṭūsī , "Al-Nihāya fī Mujarrad al-Fiqh wa al-Fatāwā ", p. 234.</ref>

	Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>		Throughout Islamic history and even today, markers have been placed around the city of Mecca called "[[Ansab al-Haram]]" which define the boundaries of the sacred area based on the narrations left by the Prophet (s).<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 128-129. </ref>

	According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the Tan‘īm side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>		According to some studies, the boundary of the sacred area extends 15,500 meters from the [[Ta’if]] side, 6,150 meters from the [[Tan‘īm]] side (the road to Medina), and 17,000 meters from the Yemen side.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 157-158.</ref>And its perimeter is 127 kilometers.<ref>Ibn Al-Dahīsh, ''Al- Ḥaram Al-Makki Al-Sharīf'', p. 165.</ref>

	==Al-Haram Al-Madani==		==Al-Haram Al-Madani==
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	[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>		[[Al-Haram Al- Madani]] is a part of the city of Medina that holds reverence in Islam.<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal", vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī, "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī" Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd ", vol. 10, p. 216; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref> And it has etiquettes and rulings, such as the virtue of performing ghusl (ritual ablution).<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ",vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī, " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5; al-Ḥaṣkafī, "Al-Durr al-Mukhtār" ,vol. 1, p. 184; al-Nawawī , "Al-Majmūʿ Sharḥ al-Muḥaḏhab" , vol. 8, p. 273; Al-Shafiʿī, ''Fatḥ al-vahhāb'', vol. 1, p. 257.</ref> And it requires purification when entering it.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī ", vol. 4, p. 550; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 6, p. 5.</ref>

	This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern ~~Harrah~~]] and the Western ~~Harrah~~.<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>		This area, from the east and west, lies between the [[Eastern Harra]] and the [[Western Harra]].<ref>al-Kulaynī , " Al-Kāfī", vol. 4, p. 564-565; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 3, p. 23; al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 113.</ref> And from the north and south, it lies between [[Mount Thawr]] and [[Mount ʻIr]].<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 115; al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 8, p. 10.</ref>

	Regarding the reason for Medina becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>		Regarding the reason for [[Medina]] becoming sacred, various causes have been mentioned.<ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>
	Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants,<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī , "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 10, p. 216.</ref> "Respect for Prophet Muhammad (s)" and "the sanctity of the place where he is buried" <ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>are some of them.		Providing protection to Medina and its inhabitants,<ref>al-Nīshābūrī ," Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim" ,vol. 4, p. 117-118; al-Bayhaqī , "Al-Sunan al-Kubrā" ,vol. 5, p. 198; al-Ṭabarānī , "Al-Muʿjam al-Kabīr " ,vol. 6, p. 92; Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal , "Musnad al-Imām Aḥmad b. Ḥanbal" , vol. 4, p. 55-56; al-Haythamī , "Majmaʿ al-Zawāʾid wa Manbaʿ al-Fawāʾid ",vol. 3, p. 306; al-Ṭūsī , " Taḥdhīb al-Aḥkām fī Sharḥ al-Muqniʿa li al-Shaykh al-Mufīd " ,vol. 10, p. 216.</ref> "Respect for Prophet Muhammad (s)" and "the sanctity of the place where he is buried" <ref>al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 117-118.</ref>are some of them.

Line 66:		Line 61:
	• According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>		• According to Shia narrations, what is forbidden in the Sacred Area of Mecca is not forbidden in the Sacred Area of Medina.<ref>Ḥumayrī , "Qurb al-Isnād" , p. 301.</ref>

	Superiority of the ~~Two Sacred Mosques~~ (Which ~~Sacred Mosque~~ is Superior?)		==Superiority of the Haramayn (Which Haram is Superior?)

	Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>		Considering the characteristics of each of these two sacred areas, there has been disagreement about which one is superior to the other.<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

	According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in Medina is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>		According to a narration in Shia sources, residing in [[Medina]] is considered superior to [[Mecca]].<ref>al-Zarandī, ". Al-Murūr bayn al-ʿIlmayn fī Mafākhirat al-Ḥaramayn", p. 91-124; al-Samhūdī, " Wafāʾ al-Wafāʾ bi Akhbār Dār al-Muṣṭafā" ,vol. 1, p. 85-95; al-Rifāʿī , "Al-Aḥādīth al-Wārida fī Faḍāʾil al-Madīna" , p. 1-3.</ref>

	And according to a narration from Sunni sources as well, the virtues of Medina are not limited to the lifetime of [[Prophet Muhammad(a)\|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 222-224;***</ref>		And according to a narration from Sunni sources as well, the virtues of Medina are not limited to the lifetime of [[Prophet Muhammad(a)\|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>al-Bukhārī , "Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī" ,vol. 2, p. 222-224;***</ref>