View source for Umar b. Khattab Mosque (Medina)

{{جعبه اطلاعات بنا
| عنوان = Masjid Umar b. al-Khattab
| تصویر = مسجد_عمر.jpg
| پیوند تصویر = 
| توضیح تصویر = 
| نام‌های دیگر = 
| مکان = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] *
| کاربری = Mosque
| بزرگداشت نزد = Muslims
| وابسته به دین/مذهب = Islam
| باورها = 
| آیین‌ها = Performing congregational prayers
| زمان پایه‌گذاری = 9th century AH
| بنیانگذار = 
| رویدادها = 
| بازسازی‌ها = 
| ویژگی‌های تاریخی = 
| مساحت = 
| وضعیت بنا = Existing
| گنجایش = 
| بخش‌های بنا = 
| ویژگی‌ها = 
| عرض جغرافیایی = 24.464380
| طول جغرافیایی = 39.606626
| توضیح نقشه = 
}}'''Umar b. al-Khattab Mosque''' is located southwest of [[Masjid al-Nabawi]] and was likely built in the ninth century AH. This mosque was constructed within the area of [[Musalla of the Prophet (s)]], and some have suggested the possibility of the Prophet or [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] praying in this location. The current building of the mosque, which is a square structure with a high dome, conforms to the architecture of the mosque during its reconstruction in the Ottoman era in 1266 AH (1849 CE).



==Location==
Umar Mosque is located southwest of [[Masjid al-Nabawi]] and south of [[Masjid Ghamama|Musalla Mosque]] (Ghamama Mosque), at a distance of 133 meters from it.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=247 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 247]</ref> This mosque is situated on the northern side of Hasan b. 'Ali (a) Street.<ref>[https://www.google.com/maps/place/Masjid+Umar+bin+Khattab/@24.4641164,39.6064631,19z/data=!4m6!3m5!1s0x15bdbf063df0e2e7:0xcda3da8b89334334!8m2!3d24.464284!4d39.606668!16s%2Fg%2F11c5t0hw1z?hl=fa&entry=ttu Satellite images, Google Maps]</ref>


==History of the Mosque==
Umar Mosque is one of the mosques located in the [[Musalla of the Prophet (s)]]. The Musalla was an open, building-less area west of [[Masjid al-Nabawi]]<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=122 Wafa' al-Wafa', vol. 3, p. 122]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Messenger of Allah]] performed Eid prayers.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=224 Masajid al-Athariyya, pp. 224-225]</ref>

===Name of the Mosque and Historical Accounts===
Some scholars have identified the location of this mosque within the area of the houses of Al Durra (Dar 'Abd Allah b. Durrat al-Muzani)<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%82%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7_%D9%88_%D8%AD%D8%AF%DB%8C%D8%AB%D8%A7.pdf&page=138 Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan, p. 138]</ref> where [[Prophet Muhammad (s)|the Messenger of God]] performed Eid prayers<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=444 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 444]</ref> and it is possible that [[Umar b. al-Khattab]] also prayed in this location during his caliphate; hence, it was attributed to him.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=249 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 249]</ref> <ref>''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152.''</ref>There is no historical evidence for this, and some researchers have rejected the possibility of the Prophet and other caliphs praying in this location.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86_%D9%81%DB%8C_%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86.pdf&page=230 ''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin'', p. 230]</ref>

===Construction Date of the Mosque===
Muhammad Amin Shanqiti considers the establishment of the mosque to be in the sixth century AH,<ref name=":2" /> but other researchers have stated that the mosque building was established in the ninth century<ref name=":3">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=223 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 223]</ref> and claim: "Shaykh Shams al-Din Muhammad b. Ahmad Salawi built it after the year 850 AH." [[Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi]], the historian of Medina (died 911 AH), reported the construction of two mosques south of the Musalla in the year 850 AH,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B3%D9%85%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D8%AC%DB%B3.pdf&page=220 Wafa' al-Wafa', p. 220]</ref> and some researchers have identified one of them as the Umar Mosque.<ref name=":0" />

===Reconstruction of the Mosque===
The current building of this mosque was constructed in 1266 AH/1849 CE during the reign of Ottoman Sultan Abdülmecid I.<ref name=":0" /> It was at this time that the mosque acquired its current form with a dome and a minaret in the northwest corner of the building.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=449 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 449]</ref> 'Ali b. Musa observed the mosque in 1303 AH and described it as being next to the Abi Jayda waterway and having one minaret.<ref>''[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%88%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87.pdf&page=10 Wasf al-Madina, p. 10]''</ref>

This mosque was renovated in 1411 AH/1999 CE during the reign of King Fahd b. 'Abd al-'Aziz.<ref name=":0" /> Ka'ki also mentioned other renovations in 1980 and 2008 CE.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D8%AC%D8%B2%D8%A14_%DD9%84%D8%AF1.pdf&page=450 Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh, vol. 1, part 4, p. 450]</ref>


==Description of the Building==
The mosque building is square, and the height of its dome from the inside reaches about twelve meters.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=248 Masajid al-Athariyya, p. 248]</ref> The architectural structure of the mosque is similar to [[Abu Bakr Mosque (Medina)|Abu Bakr Mosque]], which was built by Ottoman Sultan Mahmud in 1254 AH.<ref>Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara, p. 152</ref> The exterior wall of the mosque is decorated with simple metal crenellations, and the interior wall, to a height of one and a half meters, has basalt (black) stone. The minaret of the mosque is located in the northwest corner of the wall. The area of the mosque is 335 square meters.<ref name=":0" />



==Images==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
پرونده:نقشه مسجدهای مصلا.png|alt=|The above image shows the distance of the Musalla mosques to one of the corners of the current Masjid al-Nabawi building.
</gallery>



==See Also==
* [[Musalla of the Prophet (s)]]



==Footnotes==
{{پانویس}}



==References==
{{منابع}}
*'''Masajid al-Athariyya''', Muhammad Ilyas 'Abd al-Ghani, 1418 AH, Matabi' al-Rashid bi al-Madina al-Munawwara, second edition, 1419 AH.
*'''Wafa' al-Wafa' bi Akhbar Dar al-Mustafa''', 'Ali b. 'Abd Allah al-Samhudi, edited by Qasim al-Samarra'i, London, Al-Furqan Islamic Heritage Foundation, 2001 CE.
*'''Wasf al-Madina al-Munawwara''', 'Ali b. Musa, Nahdat Misr Press.
*'''Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Bayn al-'Imara wa al-Tarikh''', 'Abd al-'Aziz Ka'ki, Medina, Publisher: Author, 2011 CE.
*'''al-Durr al-Thamin fi Ma'alim Dar al-Rasul al-Amin''', Ghali Muhammad Amin al-Shanqiti, Jeddah, Dar al-Qibla, 1992.
*'''Tarikh Ma'alim al-Madina al-Munawwara Qadiman wa Hadithan''', Khiyari, Ahmad Yasin Ahmad. 1419. 1 vol. Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: The General Secretariat for the Celebration of the Centenary of the Establishment of the Kingdom.
*'''Fusul min Tarikh al-Madina al-Munawwara''', 'Ali Hafiz, Publisher: Author. Third edition 1417 AH-1996 CE.{{پایان}}{{اماکن مدینه}}{{مساجد}}

[[رده:مسجدهای مدینه]]
[[رده:مقاله‌های تکمیل‌شده]]

[[ar:مسجد عمر بن الخطاب (المدينة)]]
[[fa:مسجد عمر بن خطاب (مدینه)]]