View source for Fath Mosque (Medina)

{{جعبه اطلاعات بنا
| عنوان = 
| تصویر = مسجد_فتح.webp
| اندازه تصویر = 
| پیوند تصویر = 
| توضیح تصویر = 
| نام‌های دیگر = Masjid al-Aḥzāb * Masjid al-Aʿlā
| مکان = [[Saudi Arabia]] * [[Medina]] * Western slope of [[Mount Sala']] 
| کاربری = Mosque
| بزرگداشت نزد = Muslims
| وابسته به دین/مذهب = Islam
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| وضعیت بنا = Existing
| گنجایش = 
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| عرض جغرافیایی = 24.477843
| طول جغرافیایی = 39.595598
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}}

'''Fath Mosque''' is one of the ancient mosques of [[Medina]]. The [[Prophet (s)]] had set up his command tent for the [[Battle of the Trench|Battle of al-Aḥzāb]] on a part of [[Mount Sala']] where this mosque is now located, northwest of [[al-Masjid al-Nabawi]], and he used to pray there. The mosque has existed since the first century AH, and until the second and third centuries, the Prophet's prayer spot in the mosque's courtyard was marked by a pillar.



== Location ==
'''Fath Mosque''' is located on a section of the western slope of [[Mount Sala']]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aمساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=138 Masājid al-Athariyya, p. 138.]</ref>. Fath is the name of the area where the complex of [[Fath Mosques]] is situated. The most famous of these mosques, located at the highest part of the mountain slope, is Fath Mosque.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_معالم_المدینه_المنوره_قدیما_و_حدیثا.pdf&page=199 Tārīkh Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara Qadīman wa Ḥadīthan, p. 199.]</ref>


== Origin and Names ==
The location of the command tent of [[Prophet Muhammad (s)]] during the [[Battle of al-Aḥzāb|Battle of al-Aḥzāb]] was at the site of this mosque<ref name=":1">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aمرآة_الحرمین_ج۳-۴.pdf&page=900 Mawsuʿat Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab, vol. 4, p. 900.]</ref>, and for this reason, this mosque has been named Masjid al-Aḥzāb. It was at this place that the Prophet asked God to defeat the "Aḥzāb" (confederates).<ref>Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, vol. 3, p. 234.</ref><ref name=":0" /></ref> The Prophet prayed for three days, and on Wednesday, after his prayer was answered, signs of joy appeared on his face.<ref>al-Istidhkār, vol. 2, p. 534.</ref> The spot where the Prophet prayed was marked by a pillar in the mosque's courtyard during the second and third centuries AH.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:تاریخ_مدینه_ابن_شبه.pdf&page=60 Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 60.]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:اخبار_المدینه_ابن_زباله.pdf&page=142 Akhbār al-Madīna, Ibn Zabāla, p. 142.]</ref>

It is narrated that the Prophet gave glad tidings of victory to the Muslims at this place, and for this reason, it was called Fath Mosque. Some also attribute the naming of the mosque to Fath (victory) to the revelation of Sura al-Fath at this location.<ref>Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, part 4, vol. 4, p. 84.</ref> The name al-Aʿlā (the highest) for this mosque refers to its location on a high part of Mount Sala'.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:مساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=139 Masājid al-Athariyya, p. 139.]</ref>

=== Prophet's Prayer in Fath Mosque ===
The Prophet (s) performed the ʿaṣr prayer within the area of Fath Mosque.<ref name=":2">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_مدینه_ابن_شبه.pdf&page=59 Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara, p. 59.]; [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aاخبار_المدینه_ابن_زباله.pdf&page=143 Akhbār al-Madīna, Ibn Zabāla, p. 143.]</ref> On one of the nights of the Battle of al-Aḥzāb, the Prophet (s) stood on the high ground where Fath Mosque is located and asked for a volunteer to gather news about the enemy army. Ḥudhayfa set out for this task, and the Prophet waited for Ḥudhayfa to return.<ref>Iʿlām al-Warā bi-Aʿlām al-Hudā, vol. 1, p. 193.</ref>



== History of Construction ==
The initial structure of the mosque was built by [[ʿUmar b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz]] (governor of Medina between 87-93 AH) and had one portico with three pillars.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:مساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=139 Masājid al-Athariyya, p. 139.]</ref> The mosque building was renovated in 575 AH by Ḥusayn b. Abī al-Hayjāʾ (who was one of the viziers of the [[Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt]] and had also made expansions in al-Masjid al-Nabawi<ref>al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa, vol. 1, p. 297.</ref>). The current structure of the mosque dates back to the reconstruction of 1270 AH/1853 CE.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aمرآة_الحرمین_ج۳-۴.pdf&page=696 Mawsuʿat Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab, vol. 4, p. 696.]</ref> The mosque was also restored in 1411 AH, and a restoration carried out after 1430 AH/2009 CE resulted in the mosque's current appearance.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده:مساجد_الاثریه.pdf&page=140 Masājid al-Athariyya, p. 140.]; Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh, part 4, vol. 4, pp. 94 and 103.</ref>



== Supplication of Fath Mosque ==
This mosque is considered one of the significant mosques for Muslims in the early Islamic centuries.<ref name=":2" /> A supplication has been narrated for visitors to the mosque, which begins with "Lā ilāha illā Allāh al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥalīm...."<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aمرآة_الحرمین_ج۳-۴.pdf&page=694 Mawsuʿat Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab, vol. 4, p. 694.]</ref> In Shiʿi sources, a supplication is also narrated, and it is recommended to recite it in [[Fath Mosque (Medina)|Fath Mosque]] after the [[taḥiyyat al-masjid prayer]]:

{{نقل قول دوقلو
| تیتر = Supplication of Fath Mosque|Yā ṣarīkha l-makrūbīn, wa yā mujība daʿwati l-muḍṭarrīn, wa yā mughītha l-mahmūmīn, ikshif ʿannī ḍurrī wa hammī wa karbī wa ghammī, kamā kashafta ʿan nabīyika ṣallā Allāhu ʿalayhi wa ālihi hammāhu, wa kafaytahu hawla ʿaduwwihi, wa kfinī mā ahammanī min amri l-dunyā wa l-ākhira, yā arḥama l-rāḥimīn.|O Helper of the distressed, O Answerer of the prayers of the helpless, O Reliever of the sorrowful, remove from me my harm, my worry, my distress, and my grief, just as You removed the worry from Your Prophet (s) and protected him from the terror of his enemy. And protect me from what concerns me in the affairs of this world and the Hereafter, O Most Merciful of the merciful.
}}



== Gallery ==

=== Recent Images ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
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=== Old Images of the Mosque from Different Years ===
<gallery mode="packed" heights="150px">
پرونده:مسجد فتح 14.png|alt=|Image related to the reconstruction of 1270 AH/1853 CE
پرونده:مسجد فتح 9.jpg|alt=
پرونده:مسجد فتح 11.jpg|alt=|General images of [[Fath Mosques]]
پرونده:مسجد فتح 12.jpg|alt=
پرونده:مسجد فتح 5.webp|alt=|Images after the renovation of 1411 AH/1991 CE
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پرونده:مسجد فتح 17.png|alt=
پرونده:مسجد فتح 15.png|alt=
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پرونده:مسجد فتح 10.png|alt=
</gallery>



== Footnotes ==
{{پانویس}}



== References ==
{{منابع}}
*'''al-Tuḥfa al-Laṭīfa fī Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Sharīfa''', Shams al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī, Beirut, Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 1414 AH.
*'''Mawsuʿat Mirʾāt al-Ḥaramayn al-Sharīfayn wa Jazīrat al-ʿArab''', Ayyūb Ṣabrī Bāshā, Cairo, Dār al-Āfāq, 1424 AH.
*'''Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī''', al-Bukhārī, Beirut, Dār al-Fikr, 1401 AH.
*'''Iʿlām al-Warā bi-Aʿlām al-Hudā''', Shaykh al-Ṭabarsī, Qom, Āl al-Bayt, 1417 AH.
*'''al-Istidhkār''', Ibn ʿAbd al-Barr, n.p., Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2000 CE.
*'''Biḥār al-Anwār''', al-ʿAllāma al-Majlisī, Beirut, Dār Iḥyāʾ al-Turāth, 1403 AH.
*'''Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara bayn al-ʿImāra wa al-Tārīkh''', ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz Kaʿkī, Medina, Publisher: Author, 2011 CE.
*'''Tārīkh Maʿālim al-Madīna al-Munawwara Qadīman wa Ḥadīthan''', Yāsīn Aḥmad Khayārī, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1419 AH.
*'''Akhbār al-Madīna''', Muḥammad b. Ḥasan Ibn Zabāla, Medina, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 1424 AH.
*'''Tārīkh al-Madīna al-Munawwara''', ʿUmar b. Shabbah al-Numayrī, n.d., n.p., version available on Wiki Hajj.
*'''Masājid al-Athariyya''', Muḥammad Ilyās ʿAbd al-Ghanī, Maṭābiʿ al-Rashīd bi-l-Madīna al-Munawwara, second edition, 1419 AH.
*'''Waṣf al-Madīna al-Munawwara''', ʿAlī b. Mūsā al-Afandī, Maṭbaʿat Nahḍat Miṣr.
*'''al-Madīna bayn al-Māḍī wa al-Ḥāḍir''', al-Sayyid Ibrāhīm al-ʿAyyāshī, Medina, Maktabat al-ʿIlmiyya, 1972.
*'''al-Riḥla al-ʿAyyāshiyya''', ʿAbd Allāh b. Muḥammad al-ʿAyyāshī, Abu Dhabi, Dār al-Suwaydī, 2006 CE.
{{پایان}}{{اماکن مدینه}}
[[Category:Mosques of Medina]]
[[Category:Completed articles]]

[[ar:مسجد الفتح (المدينة المنورة)]]
[[fa:مسجد فتح (مدینه)]]