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Mohammad Taher Kurdi

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 15:14:20 GMT

Works

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	== Life and Activities ==		== Life and Activities ==
	Muhammad Tahir ibn Abd al-Qadir ibn Mahmud Kurdi was born in [[Mecca]] in 1321 AH.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=25 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 25.]</ref> ~~His~~ father ~~had~~ migrated from ~~the city of Arbil~~ in [[Iraq]] to Mecca ~~before his birth~~, ~~with the intention of residing~~ there and ~~being near~~ the [[Kaaba~~\|House of God~~]].<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>		Muhammad Tahir ibn Abd al-Qadir ibn Mahmud Kurdi was born in [[Mecca]] in 1321 AH.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=25 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 25.]</ref> Before his birth, his father migrated from Erbil in Iraq to Mecca, intending to settle there and remain in proximity to the [[Ka'ba\|Kaaba]]..<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>

	In 1340 AH, one year after completing his studies, Muhammad Tahir traveled ~~to [[Egypt]]~~ with his father ~~and~~ studied at ~~[[Al~~-Azhar ~~University]]~~ for seven years.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>		In 1340 AH, one year after completing his studies, Muhammad Tahir traveled with his father to Egypt, where he studied at al-Azhar for seven years.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=26 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 26.]</ref>

	=== Interest in Calligraphy ===		=== Interest in Calligraphy ===
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	=== Denomination ===		=== Denomination ===
	It is ~~said that Muhammad Tahir Kurdi was~~ a [[Shafi'i~~]] in terms~~ of jurisprudence and ~~did~~ not ~~have~~ Salafi or Wahhabi ~~leanings in his beliefs~~.~~{{citation needed}}~~ He ~~wrote~~ a book ~~titled ''[[~~Tabarruk al-~~Sahabah~~ bi-Athar al-Rasul~~]]''~~, in which he defended the permissibility of [[~~Tabarruk (seeking~~ blessings~~) from~~ Prophet Muhammad~~\|seeking blessings from the relics of the Prophet~~ (~~PBUH~~)]] and ~~its historical~~ practice by the Companions.<ref>See: ''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar Rasul Allah Sallallahu Alayhi wa Bayan Fadlih''.</ref>		He is described as a follower of the Shafi'i school of jurisprudence and as not having been associated with Salafi or Wahhabi theological views. He authored a book entitled Tabarruk al-Sahaba bi-Athar al-Rasul, in which he defended the permissibility of seeking [[blessings through objects associated with the Prophet Muhammad(s)]] and documented the practice among the Companions.<ref>See: ''Tabarruk al-Sahabah bi-Athar Rasul Allah Sallallahu Alayhi wa Bayan Fadlih''.</ref>

	=== Death ===		=== Death ===
	Kurdi passed away ~~in 1400 AH~~ in [[Jeddah]] and was buried in [[Ma'lat Cemetery]] in [[Mecca]].<ref>''Al-Jawahir al-Hassan'', Vol. 2, p. 638. [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=19 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 19, 48.]</ref>		Kurdi passed away in [[Jeddah]] in 1400 AH and was buried in [[al-Ma'lat Cemetery]] in [[Mecca]].<ref>''Al-Jawahir al-Hassan'', Vol. 2, p. 638. [https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=19 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 19, 48.]</ref>

	=== Executive Activities ===		=== Executive Activities ===
	Kurdi ~~was a member of~~ the ~~Executive Board~~ for the ~~Expansion~~ and ~~Renovation~~ of [[Masjid al-Haram]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> and the head of the authorship and historical works section of this board, ~~as well as a member of~~ the ~~supervisory board for~~ the ~~repair~~ of the [[Kaaba]]'s roof.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=17 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 17.]</ref> His other activities included participation in the expansion of Masjid al-Haram and the replacement of the silver frame of the [[Black Stone]].<ref>Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 3, p. 297.</ref>		Kurdi served on the committee responsible for the expansion and reconstruction of the [[Masjid al-Haram]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> and the head of the authorship and historical works section of this board,he also served on the committee overseeing the restoration of the [[Kaaba's roof]].<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=17 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 17.]</ref> His other activities included participation in the expansion of Masjid al-Haram and the replacement of the silver frame of the [[Black Stone]].<ref>Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 3, p. 297.</ref>

	== Works ==		== Works ==
	Muhammad Tahir Kurdi authored ~~over~~ 42 works on ~~various~~ subjects. He wrote works on literature,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=18 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 18.]</ref> Quranic exegesis, the history of Mecca, and the creation of country maps.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> Some of these works have been published,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=15 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 15-16.]</ref> and since 1393 AH, the [[Saudi government]] has assigned a special committee to oversee the correction and publication of his works.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref>		Muhammad Tahir al-Kurdi authored more than 42 works on a wide range of subjects. He wrote works on literature,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=18 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 18.]</ref> Quranic exegesis, the history of Mecca, and the creation of country maps.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref> Some of these works have been published,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=15 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, pp. 15-16.]</ref> and since 1393 AH, the [[Saudi government]] has assigned a special committee to oversee the correction and publication of his works.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=28 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 28.]</ref>

	It is said that ''[[Mus'haf Makka al-Mukarramah]]'' is Kurdi's most important work, the calligraphy of which was completed in 1362 AH. After being approved by a committee of scholars from [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 36.]</ref> and the sheikhs of Al-Azhar,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=8 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 8.]</ref> it was published in 1369 AH as the first [[Quran]] printed in Mecca.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Publisher's Introduction, p. 36.]</ref>		It is said that ''[[Mus'haf Makka al-Mukarramah]]'' is Kurdi's most important work, the calligraphy of which was completed in 1362 AH. After being approved by a committee of scholars from [[Saudi Arabia]]<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 36.]</ref> and the sheikhs of Al-Azhar,<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=8 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Vol. 1, p. 8.]</ref> it was published in 1369 AH as the first [[Quran]] printed in Mecca.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=پرونده%3Aتاریخ_القویم_ج۱.pdf&page=36 Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim, Publisher's Introduction, p. 36.]</ref>
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	* [[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim]]		* [[Al-Tarikh al-Qawim li-Makkah wa Bayt Allah al-Karim]]

	== ~~Footnotes~~ ==		== Notes ==
	{{~~Footnotes~~}}		{{Notes}}
	== References ==		== References ==
	{{References}}		{{References}}

Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:49:09 GMT

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	Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, at the command of [[Walid ibn Abd al-Malik]], built mosques in all places where the Prophet had prayed. It is said that he was the first to use carved stones in the construction of mosques and the first to build hollow (mujawwaf) mihrabs for mosques.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fa/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, vol. 1, p. 74]; [https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fe/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf Al-Masajid al-Athariyah, p. 13]</ref> He also rebuilt the existing [[Mosques of Medina]]. For example, during his time, the original structure of [[Quba Mosque]] was demolished, and a new building was constructed for it.<ref>Athar Islami Makkah wa Madinah, p. 287.</ref>		Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz, at the command of [[Walid ibn Abd al-Malik]], built mosques in all places where the Prophet had prayed. It is said that he was the first to use carved stones in the construction of mosques and the first to build hollow (mujawwaf) mihrabs for mosques.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fa/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AE_%D9%85%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%87_%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%B4%D8%A8%D9%87.pdf Tarikh al-Madinah al-Munawwarah, vol. 1, p. 74]; [https://wikihaj.com/images/f/fe/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf Al-Masajid al-Athariyah, p. 13]</ref> He also rebuilt the existing [[Mosques of Medina]]. For example, during his time, the original structure of [[Quba Mosque]] was demolished, and a new building was constructed for it.<ref>Athar Islami Makkah wa Madinah, p. 287.</ref>

	==~~Footnotes~~==		==Notes==
	{{~~Reflist~~}}		{{Notes}}

	==References==		==References==

Imam Sajjad (AS)

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:47:13 GMT

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	== The Hadith of Shibli ==		== The Hadith of Shibli ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Hadith of Shibli}}		{{Main\|Hadith of Shibli}}
	The Hadith of Shibli is a narration attributed to Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) in which the Imam, in a conversation with Shibli, explains the [[Secrets of Hajj\|secrets]] and inner meanings of the rites of Hajj.<ref>''A Study of the Secrets of Hajj in the Hadith of Shibli from the Perspective of Verses and Narrations'', pp. 12 and 15.</ref> The secrets of the Miqat, the secrets of entering the Haram, and the [[Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar\|secrets of staying in the Mashair]] are among the topics addressed in this hadith.<ref>''A Study of the Secrets of Hajj in the Hadith of Shibli from the Perspective of Verses and Narrations'', pp. 44–177.</ref>		The Hadith of Shibli is a narration attributed to Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) in which the Imam, in a conversation with Shibli, explains the [[Secrets of Hajj\|secrets]] and inner meanings of the rites of Hajj.<ref>''A Study of the Secrets of Hajj in the Hadith of Shibli from the Perspective of Verses and Narrations'', pp. 12 and 15.</ref> The secrets of the Miqat, the secrets of entering the Haram, and the [[Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar\|secrets of staying in the Mashair]] are among the topics addressed in this hadith.<ref>''A Study of the Secrets of Hajj in the Hadith of Shibli from the Perspective of Verses and Narrations'', pp. 44–177.</ref>

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	== Imam Sajjad's (AS) Supplication on the Day of Arafah ==		== Imam Sajjad's (AS) Supplication on the Day of Arafah ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Supplication of Arafah of Imam Sajjad (Text of the Supplication)}}		{{Main\|Supplication of Arafah of Imam Sajjad (Text of the Supplication)}}
	The forty-seventh supplication of the [[Sahifa Sajjadiyya]] is a prayer that Imam Sajjad (AS) recited on the [[Day of Arafah]].<ref>''Sahifa Kamila Sajjadiyya'', p. 210.</ref> This supplication is the longest in the Sahifa and covers topics such as the names and attributes of God, prayers and blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH), the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and the Shi'a, as well as the expression of certain noble moral virtues.<ref>''Diyar-e Asheqan'', vol. 7, pp. 539–540.</ref>		The forty-seventh supplication of the [[Sahifa Sajjadiyya]] is a prayer that Imam Sajjad (AS) recited on the [[Day of Arafah]].<ref>''Sahifa Kamila Sajjadiyya'', p. 210.</ref> This supplication is the longest in the Sahifa and covers topics such as the names and attributes of God, prayers and blessings upon the Prophet (PBUH), the Ahl al-Bayt (AS), and the Shi'a, as well as the expression of certain noble moral virtues.<ref>''Diyar-e Asheqan'', vol. 7, pp. 539–540.</ref>

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	== Burial Place of Imam Sajjad (AS) ==		== Burial Place of Imam Sajjad (AS) ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Shrine of the Imams in Baqi'}}		{{Main\|Shrine of the Imams in Baqi'}}

	Imam Sajjad (AS) is buried in the [[Baqi' Cemetery]] alongside [[Imam Hasan (AS)]],<ref>''Al-Kafi'', vol. 1, p. 427.</ref> [[Imam Baqir (AS)]],<ref>''Muruj al-Dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 219.</ref> and [[Imam Sadiq (AS)]].<ref>''Muruj al-Dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 219.</ref><ref>''Al-Kafi'', vol. 1, p. 469.</ref> In the fifth century, [[Majd al-Mulk Baravestani]] (d. 492 AH), a vizier of the [[Seljuks]], built a tall shrine and dome over the graves of the Shi'a Imams.<ref>''Al-Kamil'', vol. 10, p. 352.</ref> This dome and shrine were destroyed once in 1220 AH by the Wahhabis, and after being rebuilt in 1233 AH by the Ottoman government,<ref>''Baqi' in the Mirror of Artistic Depictions'', p. 21.</ref> they were destroyed again by the Wahhabis in 1344 AH and have remained without a dome or building in the Baqi' cemetery grounds to this day.<ref>''Destruction and Reconstruction of Baqi''', p. 41.</ref>		Imam Sajjad (AS) is buried in the [[Baqi' Cemetery]] alongside [[Imam Hasan (AS)]],<ref>''Al-Kafi'', vol. 1, p. 427.</ref> [[Imam Baqir (AS)]],<ref>''Muruj al-Dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 219.</ref> and [[Imam Sadiq (AS)]].<ref>''Muruj al-Dhahab'', vol. 3, p. 219.</ref><ref>''Al-Kafi'', vol. 1, p. 469.</ref> In the fifth century, [[Majd al-Mulk Baravestani]] (d. 492 AH), a vizier of the [[Seljuks]], built a tall shrine and dome over the graves of the Shi'a Imams.<ref>''Al-Kamil'', vol. 10, p. 352.</ref> This dome and shrine were destroyed once in 1220 AH by the Wahhabis, and after being rebuilt in 1233 AH by the Ottoman government,<ref>''Baqi' in the Mirror of Artistic Depictions'', p. 21.</ref> they were destroyed again by the Wahhabis in 1344 AH and have remained without a dome or building in the Baqi' cemetery grounds to this day.<ref>''Destruction and Reconstruction of Baqi''', p. 41.</ref>
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	== Pilgrimage to Imam Sajjad (AS) in Baqi' ==		== Pilgrimage to Imam Sajjad (AS) in Baqi' ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Pilgrimage to Imam Sajjad (AS)}}		{{Main\|Pilgrimage to Imam Sajjad (AS)}}
	The virtue of visiting Imam Sajjad (AS) is mentioned among the pilgrimages to the [[Imams of Baqi']]; in a narration from Imam Sadiq (AS), visiting the Imams after [[Hajj]] is considered the conclusion of the [[Hajj al-Tamattu'\|rites of Hajj]], whereby the Hajj rites are completed.<ref>''Bihar al-Anwar'', vol. 97, pp. 139 and 206.</ref>		The virtue of visiting Imam Sajjad (AS) is mentioned among the pilgrimages to the [[Imams of Baqi']]; in a narration from Imam Sadiq (AS), visiting the Imams after [[Hajj]] is considered the conclusion of the [[Hajj al-Tamattu'\|rites of Hajj]], whereby the Hajj rites are completed.<ref>''Bihar al-Anwar'', vol. 97, pp. 139 and 206.</ref>

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	=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Hilla ===		=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Hilla ===
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Hilla)}}		{{Main\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Hilla)}}
	The Maqam attributed to Imam Sajjad (AS) in the city of Hilla consists of two rectangular rooms with a green dome and two minarets. At this site, a Zarih or a small chest more than one meter high has been installed as a sign of the place where Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) was present, and it is covered with green cloths.<ref>''Shrines of Iraq'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref>		The Maqam attributed to Imam Sajjad (AS) in the city of Hilla consists of two rectangular rooms with a green dome and two minarets. At this site, a Zarih or a small chest more than one meter high has been installed as a sign of the place where Imam Zayn al-Abidin (AS) was present, and it is covered with green cloths.<ref>''Shrines of Iraq'', vol. 2, p. 50.</ref>

	=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Najaf ===		=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Najaf ===
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Najaf)}}		{{Main\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Najaf)}}
	[[File:61.jpg\|thumb\|A view of the Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Najaf al-Ashraf]]		[[File:61.jpg\|thumb\|A view of the Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Najaf al-Ashraf]]

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	=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Karbala ===		=== Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) in Karbala ===
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Karbala)}}		{{Main\|Maqam of Imam Zayn al-Abidin (Karbala)}}
	The Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) and the [[Captives of Karbala]] is one of the stopping points of the caravan of the captives of Karbala in the country of Iraq, located in the Khasif region of [[Karbala]].<ref>''Al-Mawaqi' al-Athariyya wa al-Siyahiyya fi Karbala'', p. 129.</ref>		The Maqam of Imam Sajjad (AS) and the [[Captives of Karbala]] is one of the stopping points of the caravan of the captives of Karbala in the country of Iraq, located in the Khasif region of [[Karbala]].<ref>''Al-Mawaqi' al-Athariyya wa al-Siyahiyya fi Karbala'', p. 129.</ref>



	==~~Footnotes~~==		==Notes==
	{{~~پانویس~~}}		{{Notes}}

	==References==		==References==

Secrets of Wuquf in Mash'ar

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:42:30 GMT

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	== ~~Footnotes~~ ==		== Notes ==
	{{~~Footnotes~~}}		{{Notes}}

	== References ==		== References ==

Secrets of Wuquf in Arafat

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:41:39 GMT

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	* [[Secrets of Hajj]]		* [[Secrets of Hajj]]

	== ~~Footnotes~~ ==		== Notes==
	{{~~footnotes~~}}		{{Notes}}

	== References ==		== References ==

Secrets of the Prohibitions of Ihram

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:40:54 GMT

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	* [[Secrets of Hajj]]		* [[Secrets of Hajj]]

	== ~~Footnotes~~ ==		== Notes ==
	{{~~پانویس~~}}		{{Notes}}

	== ~~Sources~~ ==		== References ==
	{{~~منابع~~}}		{{References}}
	*'''''Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an)''''': Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 AH), Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1405 AH.		*'''''Tafsir al-Qurtubi (Al-Jami' li-Ahkam al-Qur'an)''''': Al-Qurtubi (d. 671 AH), Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-'Arabi, 1405 AH.
	*'''''Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha''''': Al-'Allamah al-Hilli (d. 726 AH), Qom, Al al-Bayt, 1414 AH.		*'''''Tadhkirat al-Fuqaha''''': Al-'Allamah al-Hilli (d. 726 AH), Qom, Al al-Bayt, 1414 AH.

Ishmael (prophet)

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:35:29 GMT

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	{{Infobox ~~Prophet~~		{{Infobox Prophets
	\| ~~title~~ =		\| Name =
	\| ~~width~~ =		\| Title =
	\| ~~image~~ =		\| Image =
	\| ~~image_width~~ =		\| Image size =
	\| ~~caption~~ =		\| Caption =
	\| ~~prophet_info~~= ~~Prophet Information~~		\| Prophet information =
	\| ~~name_in_quran~~ = Ishmael		\| Name in the Quran = Ishmael
	\| ~~name_in_bible~~ =		\| Name in the Bible =
	\| ~~place_of_birth~~ =		\| Place of birth =
	\| ~~place_of_residence~~ = Mecca		\| Place of residence= Mecca
	~~\| burial_place~~ = Hijr Isma'il		\| Burial place = Hijr Isma'il
	\| ~~nation_name~~ =		\| Name of people =
	~~\| preceded_by~~=[[Isaac (prophet)\|Isaac]]		\| Preceded by = [[Isaac (prophet)\|Isaac]]
	\| ~~succeeded_by~~ = [[Abraham (prophet)\|Abraham]]		\| succeeded by = [[Abraham (prophet)\|Abraham]]
	\| ~~book_name~~ =		\| Name of book =
	~~\| important_relatives~~ = Abraham (father), [[Hagar]](mother), [[Isaac]](brother)		\| Notable relatives = Abraham (father), [[Hagar]](mother), [[Isaac]](brother)
	~~\| miracles~~ = Zamzam Well		\| Miracles = Zamzam Well
	\| ~~contemporary_prophets~~ = Abraham		\| Contemporary prophets = Abraham
	\| ~~followers~~ = People of Mecca		\| Followers = People of Mecca
	\| ~~religion~~ = Hanif		\| Religion = Hanif
	\| ~~age~~ =		\| Age =
	\| ~~time_period~~ =		\| Time period =
	\| ~~name_repetitions_in_quran~~ = 12 times		\| Frequency of name in the Quran = 12 times
	\| ~~opponents~~=		\| Opponents =
	\| ~~important_events~~= Abraham commanded to sacrifice him, rebuilding of the Kaaba, learning Hajj rituals from Gabriel		\| Important events = Abraham commanded to sacrifice him, rebuilding of the Kaaba, learning Hajj rituals from Gabriel
	}}		}}
	'''Ishmael''' is one of God's prophets, the son of [[Abraham (a)\|Abraham]] and Hagar. According to Shi'ites, he is Dhubihullah, the son whom Abraham was commanded to [[sacrifice]] to God. The Quran explicitly states his prophethood and praises him for qualities such as forbearance, keeping promises, and humility before divine verses.		'''Ishmael''' is one of God's prophets, the son of [[Abraham (a)\|Abraham]] and Hagar. According to Shi'ites, he is Dhubihullah, the son whom Abraham was commanded to [[sacrifice]] to God. The Quran explicitly states his prophethood and praises him for qualities such as forbearance, keeping promises, and humility before divine verses.

Secrets of the Tawaf

Pourghorbani — Wed, 12 Aug 2026 06:24:45 GMT

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	{{~~جعبه اطلاعات اعمال~~		{{Infobox acts
	\| ~~عنوان~~ = Secrets of Tawaf		\| title = Secrets of Tawaf
	\| ~~تصویر~~ = حج1400.png		\| image = حج1400.png
	\| ~~توضیح تصویر~~ =		\| image_caption =
	\| ~~توضیح فیلم~~ =		\| video =
	\| ~~دسته~~ = Acts of [[Umrah]] and [[Hajj]]		\| video_caption =
	\| ~~مربوط به آیین~~ = Hajj		\| category = Acts of [[Umrah]] and [[Hajj]]
	\| ~~مکان~~ = [[Masjid al-Haram]]		\| related_to_rite = Hajj
	\| ~~زمان~~ = In Umrah: The first act after entering [[Mecca]]; In Hajj: The twelfth day of Dhu al-Hijjah		\| location = [[Masjid al-Haram]]
	\| ~~عمل قبلی~~ = In Umrah: Ihram at Miqat		\| time = In Umrah: The first act after entering [[Mecca]]; In Hajj: The twelfth day of Dhu al-Hijjah
	[[Hajj al-Tamattu]]: [[Ramy al-Jamarat]]		\| previous_act = In Umrah: Ihram at Miqat [[Hajj al-Tamattu]]: [[Ramy al-Jamarat]]
	\| ~~عمل بعدی~~ = In [[Umrah]] and Hajj al-Tamattu: [[Salat al-Tawaf]] ← [[Sa'i]]		\| next_act = In [[Umrah]] and Hajj al-Tamattu: [[Salat al-Tawaf]] ← [[Sa'i]]
	\| ~~حکم~~ =		\| ruling =
	\| ~~کفاره~~ =		\| expiation =
	\| ~~پیامد فقهی~~ =		\| jurisprudential_consequence =
	\| ~~ثواب~~ =		\| reward =
	\| ~~آداب وابسته~~ = Ghusl, humility, and entering the Mataf barefoot		\| related_etiquette = Ghusl, humility, and entering the Mataf barefoot
	\| ~~فلسفه و اسرار~~ = Resemblance to angels circumambulating the Throne - Human's detachment from seven undesirable traits		\| philosophy_and_mysteries = Resemblance to angels circumambulating the Throne - Human's detachment from seven undesirable traits
	\| ~~منشاء و تاریخچه~~ =		\| origin_and_history =
	\| ~~مکان‌های وابسته~~ = [[Mataf]]		\| related_locations = [[Mataf]]
	\| ~~اشیای وابسته~~ =		\| related_objects =
	\| ~~ذکرهای وابسته~~ =		\| related_dhikr =
	\| ~~دعاهای وابسته~~ =		\| related_prayers =
	\| ~~مفاهیم فقهی وابسته~~ =		\| related_jurisprudential_concepts =
	\| ~~احکام فقهی وابسته~~ =		\| related_jurisprudential_rulings =
	\| ~~صفحه فتواهای مراجع~~ = [[Tawaf (Fatwas of Maraji')]]		\| marja_fatwa_page = [[Tawaf (Fatwas of Maraji')]]
	\| ~~جستارهای وابسته~~ = [[Acts of Umrah al-Tamattu]]; [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu]]		\| see_also = [[Acts of Umrah al-Tamattu]]; [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu]]
	}}'''Secrets of Tawaf''' refers to the theological , mystical, and esoteric meanings of the act of [[Tawaf]] around the [[Kaaba]]. Tawaf is one of the fundamental acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]], holding a prominent place in the [[Quran]] and Sunnah. Its various dimensions have been expounded upon in interpretive, hadith, and mystical sources. These teachings are collectively known as the "Secrets of Tawaf." Sources that discuss the secrets of the [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu\|Hajj rituals]] consider Tawaf to reveal monotheistic, ethical, and mystical dimensions.		}}
			'''Secrets of Tawaf''' refers to the theological , mystical, and esoteric meanings of the act of [[Tawaf]] around the [[Kaaba]]. Tawaf is one of the fundamental acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]], holding a prominent place in the [[Quran]] and Sunnah. Its various dimensions have been expounded upon in interpretive, hadith, and mystical sources. These teachings are collectively known as the "Secrets of Tawaf." Sources that discuss the secrets of the [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu\|Hajj rituals]] consider Tawaf to reveal monotheistic, ethical, and mystical dimensions.

	== Importance of Tawaf ==		== Importance of Tawaf ==

Mosque of Ghar Bani Haram

Pourghorbani — Mon, 10 Aug 2026 09:50:21 GMT

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	}}		}}

	~~The~~ '''~~Cave~~ of ~~Banu~~ Haram ~~Mosque~~''' is a small cave located on [[Mount Sala']] in [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia. It is said that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the companions of [[Muhammad\|the Prophet (PBUH)]] would take ~~him~~ to the Cave of Banu Haram at night to protect ~~him from enemy raids~~, and they would descend from the cave in the morning. This ~~mosque~~, which ~~is in the form of~~ a ~~cave~~, is located approximately eight hundred meters northwest of [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi\|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]]. A large ~~rock serves as a~~ roof for the cave, and a small arch is situated beside it.		'''The Mosque of Ghar Bani Haram''' is built around a small cave located on [[Mount Sala']] in [[Medina]], Saudi Arabia. It is said that during the [[Battle of the Trench]], the companions of [[Muhammad\|the Prophet (PBUH)]] would take them to the Cave of Banu Haram at night to protect them for fear of a suprise attack, and they would descend from the cave in the morning. This cave, which later came to be used as a mosque, is located approximately eight hundred meters northwest of [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi\|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]]. A large boulder forms its natural roof for the cave, and a small arch is situated beside it.
	== Location ==		== Location ==
	The '''Cave of Banu Haram''' (Arabic: كهف بني حرام) was located near the residence of the Banu Haram tribe.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=49 ''Masajid al-Athariyyah'', Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, p. 49.]</ref> This cave is situated west of [[Mount Sala']] and approximately eight hundred meters northwest of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.<ref>''Al-Masajid wa al-Amakin al-Athariyyah al-Majhulah li-Za'ir al-Madinah al-Maymunah'', Abd al-Rahman Khuwaylid, p. 24</ref> It ~~is located to~~ the right of ~~a person traveling~~ from [[Al-Masjid an-Nabawi~~]] towards~~ [[Masajid al-Fath]] (via Tariq al-Sayh), in the area of Sha'b Banu Haram and near the [[Banu Haram Mosque]].<ref name=":0" />		The '''Cave of Banu Haram''' (Arabic: كهف بني حرام) was located near the residence of the Banu Haram tribe.<ref name=":0">[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%87%3A%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=49 ''Masajid al-Athariyyah'', Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, p. 49.]</ref> This cave is situated west of [[Mount Sala']] and approximately eight hundred meters northwest of Al-Masjid an-Nabawi.<ref>''Al-Masajid wa al-Amakin al-Athariyyah al-Majhulah li-Za'ir al-Madinah al-Maymunah'', Abd al-Rahman Khuwaylid, p. 24</ref>It lies on the right-hand side of the road leading from Al-Masjid al-Nabawi to [[Masajid al-Fath]] via [[Tariq al-Sayh]], in the area of Sha'b Banu Haram and near the [[Banu Haram Mosque]].<ref name=":0" />
	== Prophet ~~Muhammad~~'s ~~Entry into~~ the Cave ==
	~~Numerous narrations exist regarding~~ [[Muhammad\|Prophet Muhammad's (~~PBUH~~)]] entry into the Cave of Banu Haram on some nights during the [[Battle of the Trench]].<ref>''Al-Durrah al-Thaminah fi Akhbar al-Madinah'', Ibn Najjar, p. 64.</ref> ~~During~~ the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet's companions would take ~~him~~ to the Cave of Banu Haram at night to protect ~~him from enemy raids~~, and they would descend from the cave in the morning.<ref>''Al-Ma'alim al-Athirah fi al-Sunnah wa al-Sirah'', p. 285.</ref> These ~~narrations~~ even include references to divine ~~revelation descending~~ upon the Prophet in this cave, which may pertain to periods other than the Battle of the Trench.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=50 ''Masajid al-Athariyyah'', Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, p. 50.]</ref>[[file:نمایی_از_مسجد_بنوحرام.jpeg\|thumbnail\|A view of the ~~Great~~ Cave of Banu Haram Mosque on the heights of [[Mount Sala']]]]		== Reports of the Prophet's Stay in the Cave ==
			Several historical reports mention [[Muhammad\|Prophet Muhammad's (s)]] entry into the Cave of Banu Haram on some nights during the [[Battle of the Trench]](Ghazwat al-Khandaq).<ref>''Al-Durrah al-Thaminah fi Akhbar al-Madinah'', Ibn Najjar, p. 64.</ref> It is reported that during the Battle of the Trench, the Prophet's companions would take them to the Cave of Banu Haram at night to protect them for fear of a surprise attack , and they would descend from the cave in the morning.<ref>''Al-Ma'alim al-Athirah fi al-Sunnah wa al-Sirah'', p. 285.</ref> These reports even include references to the revelation of divine verses upon the Prophet in this cave, which may pertain to periods other than the Battle of the Trench.<ref>[https://wikihaj.com/index.php?title=%D9%BE%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%D9%81%D9%87:%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%87.pdf&page=50 ''Masajid al-Athariyyah'', Ilyas Abd al-Ghani, p. 50.]</ref>[[file:نمایی_از_مسجد_بنوحرام.jpeg\|thumbnail\|A view of the Greater Cave of Banu Haram Mosque on the heights of [[Mount Sala']]]]

	== Great Cave of Banu Haram ==		== Great Cave of Banu Haram ==
	{{main\|Great Cave of Banu Haram}}		{{main\|Great Cave of Banu Haram}}
	In contemporary research, there are references to the existence of two caves on Mount Sala'. The "Small Cave of Banu Haram" is the one discussed in this article, and it shows no signs of human structures. However, it is said that the [[~~Great~~ Cave of Banu Haram]] has two small domes and is located on the eastern side of [[Mount Sala']].<ref>''Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah bayn al-'Imarah wa al-Tarikh'', Abd al-Aziz Ka'ki, Vol. 1, p. 316.</ref> The Great Cave of Banu Haram is among the places about which historians have ~~significant disagreements~~, and numerous ~~accounts have been reported~~. Today, the Great Cave of Banu Haram is also known as "Masjid Bani Ghaffar" or "Dakkah al-Shaykh Jalal."<ref>''Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah bayn al-'Imarah wa al-Tarikh'', Abd al-Aziz Ka'ki, Vol. 1, p. 317.</ref>		In contemporary research, there are references to the existence of two caves on Mount Sala'. The "Small Cave of Banu Haram" is the one discussed in this article, and it shows no signs of human structures. However, it is said that the [[Greater Cave of Banu Haram]] has two small domes and is located on the eastern side of [[Mount Sala']].<ref>''Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah bayn al-'Imarah wa al-Tarikh'', Abd al-Aziz Ka'ki, Vol. 1, p. 316.</ref> The Great Cave of Banu Haram is among the places about which historians have expressed differing opinions, and numerous and conflicting reports exist. Today, the Great Cave of Banu Haram is also known as "Masjid Bani Ghaffar" or "Dakkah al-Shaykh Jalal."<ref>''Ma'alim al-Madinah al-Munawwarah bayn al-'Imarah wa al-Tarikh'', Abd al-Aziz Ka'ki, Vol. 1, p. 317.</ref>

	== Images ==		== Images ==

Secrets of the Tawaf

Pourghorbani — Sun, 09 Aug 2026 10:06:21 GMT

Ethical Dimensions

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	\| صفحه فتواهای مراجع = [[Tawaf (Fatwas of Maraji')]]		\| صفحه فتواهای مراجع = [[Tawaf (Fatwas of Maraji')]]
	\| جستارهای وابسته = [[Acts of Umrah al-Tamattu]]; [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu]]		\| جستارهای وابسته = [[Acts of Umrah al-Tamattu]]; [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu]]
	}}'''Secrets of Tawaf''' refers to the ~~philosophical~~, mystical, and esoteric meanings of the act of [[Tawaf]] around the [[Kaaba]]. Tawaf is one of the fundamental acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]], holding a prominent place in the [[Quran]] and Sunnah. Its various dimensions have been expounded upon in interpretive, hadith, and mystical sources. ~~The collection of these~~ teachings is known as the "Secrets of Tawaf." Sources that discuss the secrets of the [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu\|Hajj rituals]] consider Tawaf to ~~possess~~ monotheistic, ethical, and mystical ~~symbols and secrets~~.		}}'''Secrets of Tawaf''' refers to the theological , mystical, and esoteric meanings of the act of [[Tawaf]] around the [[Kaaba]]. Tawaf is one of the fundamental acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]], holding a prominent place in the [[Quran]] and Sunnah. Its various dimensions have been expounded upon in interpretive, hadith, and mystical sources. These teachings are collectively known as the "Secrets of Tawaf." Sources that discuss the secrets of the [[Acts of Hajj al-Tamattu\|Hajj rituals]] consider Tawaf to reveal monotheistic, ethical, and mystical dimensions.

	== Importance of Tawaf ==		== Importance of Tawaf ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Tawaf}}Tawaf is the act of circumambulating the [[Kaaba]] seven times in [[Masjid al-Haram]] and is one of the acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]].<ref>Darsnameh Manasik Hajj, p. 33.</ref> The [[Quran]] refers to Tawaf in Surah al-Hajj.<ref>Hajj, 29.</ref> In prophetic narrations and traditions from the [[Ahl al-Bayt\|Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.)]], the reward for Tawaf has been emphasized, and Tawaf is considered a means of ~~God's pleasure~~, ~~mercy~~, and ~~forgiveness.~~<ref>Furu' al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 412, hadith 5.</ref>		{{Main\|Tawaf}}Tawaf is the act of [[Tawaf\|circumambulating the Kaaba]] seven times in [[Masjid al-Haram]] and is one of the acts of [[Hajj]] and [[Umrah]].<ref>Darsnameh Manasik Hajj, p. 33.</ref> The [[Quran]] refers to Tawaf in Surah al-Hajj.<ref>Hajj, 29.</ref> In prophetic narrations and traditions from the [[Ahl al-Bayt\|Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.)]], the reward for Tawaf has been emphasized, and Tawaf is considered a means of divine mercy, forgiveness, and pleasure<ref>Furu' al-Kafi, vol. 4, p. 412, hadith 5.</ref>

	== ~~Monotheistic Secrets~~ of Tawaf ==		== Theological meanings of Tawaf ==
	In the view of many exegetes and scholars, Tawaf is a manifestation of ~~practical~~ monotheism; a circular movement around a center that reminds believers of their ~~singular~~ destination, which is God.<ref name=":0">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190; Surah al-Anbiya, verse 97; Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 207.</ref>		In the view of many exegetes and scholars, Tawaf is the practical manifestation of monotheism; a circular movement around a center that reminds believers that God alone is their ultimate destination. , which is God.<ref name=":0">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190; Surah al-Anbiya, verse 97; Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 207.</ref>

	Tawaf is considered akin to prayer<ref name=":5">Awali al-La'ali, vol. 2, p. 167.</ref> and a movement towards closeness to God and detachment from all else, which purifies the heart and ~~familiarizes~~ the soul ~~with~~ God.<ref name=":2">Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 363.</ref> Its continuity is also a symbol of the servant's constant remembrance of God, and without this remembrance, the purpose of Tawaf is not achieved.<ref>Mahajjat al-Bayda, vol. 2, p. 350.</ref> Circling the [[Kaaba]] also signifies love and affection for God<ref>Hajj-e Maqbul, p. 114.</ref> and draws His special attention to the [[Tawaf\|circumambulators]].<ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 9, p. 376.</ref>		Tawaf is considered akin to prayer<ref name=":5">Awali al-La'ali, vol. 2, p. 167.</ref> and a movement towards closeness to God and detachment from all else, which purifies the heart and draws the soul closer to God.<ref name=":2">Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 363.</ref> Its continuity is also a symbol of the servant's constant remembrance of God, and without this remembrance, the purpose of Tawaf is not achieved.<ref>Mahajjat al-Bayda, vol. 2, p. 350.</ref> Circling the [[Kaaba]] also signifies love and affection for God<ref>Hajj-e Maqbul, p. 114.</ref> and draws His special attention to the [[Tawaf\|circumambulators]].<ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 9, p. 376.</ref>

	== Ethical ~~Secrets~~ ==		== Ethical Dimensions ==
	Ethical and educational sources consider Tawaf as an exercise for cultivating spiritual values, reminding of the humility of servants before the ~~greatness of God~~.<ref>Daneshnameh Hajj va Haramayn Sharifayn, vol. 6, pp. 372 and 373.</ref> In this journey, the pilgrim detaches their heart from reliance on people and trusts only in God,<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 360.</ref> seeking repentance and purification from sins from Him.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 310; Kafi, vol. 4, p. 188.</ref> The collective harmony of the [[Hajji\|pilgrims]] creates a manifestation of empathy and unity,<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> and the vast crowd and their movement evoke the remembrance of the Day of Judgment and humanity's journey from this world to the hereafter.<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 209.</ref>		Ethical and educational sources consider Tawaf as an exercise for cultivating spiritual values, reminding of the humility of servants before the Divine majesty.<ref>Daneshnameh Hajj va Haramayn Sharifayn, vol. 6, pp. 372 and 373.</ref> In this journey, the pilgrim detaches their heart from reliance on people and trusts only in God,<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 360.</ref> seeking repentance and purification from sins from Him.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 310; Kafi, vol. 4, p. 188.</ref> The collective harmony of the [[Hajji\|pilgrims]] creates a manifestation of empathy and unity,<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 206.</ref> and the vast crowd and their movement evoke the remembrance of the Day of Judgment and humanity's journey from this world to the hereafter.<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 209.</ref>

	== ~~Symbols~~ and Codes ==		== Symbolism and Codes ==
	In a mystical view, Tawaf symbolizes humanity's inner journey towards God, and each stage of it holds secrets.<ref>Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 191.</ref> It is said that the [[Kaaba]] is an extension of the [[Bayt al-Ma'mur]] and a representation of the Throne, and a proper Tawaf elevates the seeker to higher levels.<ref>Bihar, vol. 96, p. 57; Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190.</ref> By circling the Kaaba, humans become similar to the angels circumambulating the [[Throne]].<ref>Zumar, 75.</ref><ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 10, p. 172.</ref> At the same time, it is noted that performing it in a group indicates that religion prefers social presence over isolation.<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>		In a mystical view, Tawaf symbolizes humanity's inner journey towards God, and each stage of it holds secrets.<ref>Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 191.</ref> It is said that the [[Kaaba]] is an extension of the [[Bayt al-Ma'mur]] and a representation of the Divine Throne, and a proper Tawaf elevates the seeker to higher levels.<ref>Bihar, vol. 96, p. 57; Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 190.</ref> By circling the Kaaba, humans become similar to the angels circumambulating the Divine Throne.<ref>Zumar, 75.</ref><ref>Mustadrak al-Wasa'il, vol. 10, p. 172.</ref> At the same time, it is noted that performing it in a group indicates that religion prefers social presence over isolation.<ref>Pish-amad-i bar Farhangnameh Asrar va Ma'arif-e Hajj, vol. 1, p. 210.</ref>

	=== The Secret of the Number Seven in Tawaf Rounds ===		=== The Secret of the Number Seven in Tawaf Rounds ===
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	Furthermore, the seven rounds of Tawaf allude to movement through the seven climes or the seven heavens,<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 243.</ref> and bear similarities to the seven stages of prayer from standing (qiyam) to salutation (tashahhud).<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 365.</ref> In some sources, this number is linked to the seven thousand years of distance between angels and God during their objection to the creation of humanity.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 407.</ref> It is also said that each round of Tawaf reminds one of attaining one of the seven inner meanings (butun) of the Quran and its interpretations.<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 240.</ref>		Furthermore, the seven rounds of Tawaf allude to movement through the seven climes or the seven heavens,<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 243.</ref> and bear similarities to the seven stages of prayer from standing (qiyam) to salutation (tashahhud).<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 365.</ref> In some sources, this number is linked to the seven thousand years of distance between angels and God during their objection to the creation of humanity.<ref>Ilal al-Shara'i, vol. 2, p. 407.</ref> It is also said that each round of Tawaf reminds one of attaining one of the seven inner meanings (butun) of the Quran and its interpretations.<ref>Asrar al-Shari'ah, p. 240.</ref>

	The number seven in Tawaf is also consistent with other Hajj rituals, such as the seven rounds of [[Sa'i]] and the seven pebbles of [[Ramy\|Ramy al-Jamarat]].<ref name=":4" /> This consistency is also observed with the order of creation: the Quran speaks of seven heavens<ref>Baqarah, 29.</ref> and seven seas,<ref>Luqman, 27.</ref> Surah al-Fatiha is known as Sab' al-Mathani with its seven verses, and a week also has seven days.<ref name=":4" /> Thus, the number seven in Tawaf is a symbol of cosmic order and the connection of worship with the structure of creation.~~{{مدرک}}~~		The number seven in Tawaf is also consistent with other Hajj rituals, such as the seven rounds of [[Sa'i]] and the seven pebbles of [[Ramy\|Ramy al-Jamarat]].<ref name=":4" /> This consistency is also observed with the order of creation: the Quran speaks of seven heavens<ref>Baqarah, 29.</ref> and seven seas,<ref>Luqman, 27.</ref> Surah al-Fatiha is known as Sab' al-Mathani with its seven verses, and a week also has seven days.<ref name=":4" /> Thus, the number seven in Tawaf is a symbol of cosmic order and the connection of worship with the structure of creation.

	Ultimately, the seven rounds of Tawaf are understood to signify the completion of an act of worship,<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, pp. 370 and 371.</ref> and in mystical sources, they also refer to the seven stages of spiritual journey and human ranks.<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, pp. 366-370.</ref>		Ultimately, the seven rounds of Tawaf are understood to signify the completion of an act of worship,<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, pp. 370 and 371.</ref> and in mystical sources, they also refer to the seven stages of spiritual journey and human ranks.<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, pp. 366-370.</ref>

	== Beginning Tawaf from the Black Stone ==		== Beginning Tawaf from the Black Stone ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Hajar al-Aswad}}{{~~اصلی~~\|Secrets of Hajar al-Aswad}}In narrations, the Hajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) is called "the Hand of God on Earth."<ref>Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 96, p. 220; Al-Hajj wa al-Umrah fi al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah, pp. 102-103.</ref> Beginning [[Tawaf]] from it is considered a sign of entering the sacred precinct of the [[Kaaba\|House of God]] and renewing the covenant with the Lord. [[Istilam\|Touching this stone]] is a covenant with God for the [[pilgrim]] not to stain themselves with sin again.<ref name=":1">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 194.</ref>		{{Main\|Hajar al-Aswad}}{{main\|Secrets of Hajar al-Aswad}}In narrations, the Hajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) is called "the Hand of God on Earth."<ref>Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 96, p. 220; Al-Hajj wa al-Umrah fi al-Kitab wa al-Sunnah, pp. 102-103.</ref> Beginning [[Tawaf]] from it is considered a sign of entering the sacred precinct of the [[Kaaba\|House of God]] and renewing the covenant with the Lord. [[Istilam\|Touching this stone]] is a covenant with God for the [[pilgrim]] not to stain themselves with sin again.<ref name=":1">Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 194.</ref>

	== Conditions and Etiquettes ==		== Conditions and Etiquettes ==
	{{~~اصلی~~\|Etiquettes of Tawaf}}		{{Main\|Etiquettes of Tawaf}}
	Tawaf has certain etiquettes, including ghusl (ritual bath), humility, and entering the [[Mataf]] barefoot.<ref name=":3">Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 371.</ref> [[~~Inner~~ purity]],<ref>See: Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 217.</ref> [[presence ~~of heart~~]],<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 359.</ref> and [[supplication]]<ref name=":3" /> are also considered among the etiquettes and prerequisites of Tawaf.		Tawaf has certain etiquettes, including ghusl (ritual bath), humility, and entering the [[Mataf]] barefoot.<ref name=":3">Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 371.</ref> [[spiritual purity]],<ref>See: Sahba-ye Hajj, p. 217.</ref> [[Full presence before God]],<ref>Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj, p. 359.</ref> and [[supplication]]<ref name=":3" /> are also considered among the etiquettes and prerequisites of Tawaf.

	== See Also ==		== See Also ==
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	* [[Secrets of Salat al-Tawaf]]		* [[Secrets of Salat al-Tawaf]]

	== ~~Footnotes~~ ==		== Notes ==
	{{~~پانویس~~}}		{{Notes}}

	== References ==		== References ==
	{{~~منابع~~}}		{{References}}
	*'''Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj''', Mohammad Taqi Fa'ali, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.		*'''Asrar-e Irfani-ye Hajj''', Mohammad Taqi Fa'ali, Tehran, Mash'ar, 1386 SH.
	*'''Bihar al-Anwar''', Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, edited by Muhammad Baqir Behbudi and others, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1403 AH.		*'''Bihar al-Anwar''', Muhammad Baqir al-Majlisi, edited by Muhammad Baqir Behbudi and others, Beirut, Dar Ihya al-Turath al-Arabi, 1403 AH.

Tawaf

Pourghorbani — Sun, 09 Aug 2026 08:12:35 GMT

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	Ṭawāf ({{ia\|طواف}}) is one of the obligations of [['umra]] and [[hajj]]. Tawaf is also a ~~mustahabb~~ worship that can be done any time.		Ṭawāf ({{ia\|طواف}}) is one of the obligations of [['umra]] and [[hajj]]. Tawaf is also a recommended act of worship that can be done any time.

	==Conditions==		==Conditions==

Salat al-Tahiyat

Pourghorbani — Sun, 09 Aug 2026 08:09:23 GMT

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	'''Salat al-Tahiyyah''' (~~Prayer of~~ Greeting) is a recommended two-rak'ah prayer performed upon entering a mosque, including [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi\|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]] and other mosques in [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. This [[prayer]] does not have a specific method and is performed like the Fajr prayer. The prayer is recommended in hadiths and it is described in hadiths as one of the rights of the mosque. . It is said that by performing an obligatory or recommended prayer, the recommended merit of Salat al-Tahiyyah is fulfilled , and performing Salat al-Tahiyyah is not necessary. Most [[Maraji' al-Taqlid]] have stated that [[Masjid al-Haram]] does not have Salat al-Tahiyyah, and its greeting is [[Tawaf]].		'''Salat al-Tahiyyah''' (Mosque Greeting prayer) is a recommended two-rak'ah prayer performed upon entering a mosque, including [[Al-Masjid al-Nabawi\|Al-Masjid an-Nabawi]] and other mosques in [[Mecca]] and [[Medina]]. This [[prayer]] does not have a specific method and is performed like the Fajr prayer. The prayer is recommended in hadiths and it is described in hadiths as one of the rights of the mosque. . It is said that by performing an obligatory or recommended prayer, the recommended merit of Salat al-Tahiyyah is fulfilled , and performing Salat al-Tahiyyah is not necessary. Most [[Maraji' al-Taqlid]] have stated that [[Masjid al-Haram]] does not have Salat al-Tahiyyah, and its greeting is [[Tawaf]].

	==Definition==		==Definition==
	Salat al-Tahiyyah is considered one of the [[recommended prayers]] that is performed upon entering a [[mosque]] with the intention of greeting and honoring the mosque.<ref>Farhang Fiqh Farsi, vol. 2, p. 387; Faqarāt Fiqhiyyah, vol. 1, p. 445; Risalah Towzih al-Masail (Maraji'), vol. 1, p. 508.</ref> It is said that if an obligatory, Qada (missed), or recommended prayer is performed upon entering the mosque, Salat al-Tahiyyah is considered to have been performed, and its virtue is attained; since the purpose is to honor the mosque through an act of worship to the worship of the mosque in terms of preserving its right.<ref>Ahkam Moqaddamat Namaz, p. 196.</ref> Narrations from [[Prophet Muhammad (s)\|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>Al-Amali, p. 539; Kanz al-Ummal, vol. 7, p. 658; Farhangnameh Masjid, p. 147.</ref> and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (AS)\|Ahl al-Bayt (AS)]]<ref>Da'a'im al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 150; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 84, p. 23.</ref> recommend performing prayer upon entering a [[mosque]].		Salat al-Tahiyyah is considered one of the [[recommended prayers]] that is performed upon entering a [[mosque]] with the intention of greeting and honoring the mosque.<ref>Farhang Fiqh Farsi, vol. 2, p. 387; Faqarāt Fiqhiyyah, vol. 1, p. 445; Risalah Towzih al-Masail (Maraji'), vol. 1, p. 508.</ref> It is said that if an obligatory, Qada (missed), or recommended prayer is performed upon entering the mosque, Salat al-Tahiyyah is considered to have been performed, and its virtue is attained; since the purpose is to honor the mosque through an act of worship to the worship of the mosque in terms of preserving its right.<ref>Ahkam Moqaddamat Namaz, p. 196.</ref> Narrations from [[Prophet Muhammad (s)\|Prophet Muhammad(s)]].<ref>Al-Amali, p. 539; Kanz al-Ummal, vol. 7, p. 658; Farhangnameh Masjid, p. 147.</ref> and the [[Ahl al-Bayt (a)\|Ahl al-Bayt (a)]]<ref>Da'a'im al-Islam, vol. 1, p. 150; Bihar al-Anwar, vol. 84, p. 23.</ref> recommend performing prayer upon entering a mosque.

	===Method of Performing Salat al-Tahiyyah===		===Method of Performing Salat al-Tahiyyah===
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	==Jamkaran Mosque and Sahla Mosque==		==Jamkaran Mosque and Sahla Mosque==
	~~The~~ prayer recommended in [[Jamkaran Mosque]] is four rak'ahs, two of which are called Salat al-Tahiyyah. These two rak'ahs of Salat al-Tahiyyah are performed as follows: in each rak'ah, Surah al-Hamd should be recited once and "Qul Huwa Allah" seven times, and the Tasbih recited in Ruku' and Sujud should be performed seven times.<ref>Daneshnameh Farhang Mardom Iran, vol. 3, under the entry.</ref>		A four-rak'ah prayer is recommended in [[Jamkaran Mosque]] is four rak'ahs, two of which are called Salat al-Tahiyyah. These two rak'ahs of Salat al-Tahiyyah are performed as follows: in each rak'ah, Surah al-Hamd should be recited once and "Qul Huwa Allah" seven times, and the Tasbih recited in Ruku' and Sujud should be performed seven times.<ref>Daneshnameh Farhang Mardom Iran, vol. 3, under the entry.</ref>

	Also, the most important act in [[~~Sahla~~ Mosque]] is said to be performing two rak'ahs of Salat al-Tahiyyah, which should be performed between Maghrib and Isha prayers.<ref>Tahdhib al-Ahkam, vol. 6, p. 38; Daneshnameh Imam Mahdi bar Payeh Quran, Hadith va Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 58.</ref>		Also, the most important act in [[Sahlah Mosque]] is said to be performing two rak'ahs of Salat al-Tahiyyah, which should be performed between Maghrib and Isha prayers.<ref>Tahdhib al-Ahkam, vol. 6, p. 38; Daneshnameh Imam Mahdi bar Payeh Quran, Hadith va Tarikh, vol. 3, p. 58.</ref>

	==~~Footnotes~~==		==Notes==
	{{~~Footnotes~~}}		{{Notes}}

	==References==		==References==